Bio Sem 2 Unit 4 Evolution + Species evolution

Question 1

Founder effect

Answer 1

Big pop with high diversity - small group moves away = lower genetic diversity - part of genetic drift

Question 2

Bottleneck effect

Answer 2

Large pop quickly dies down and leaves a small pop due to natural disasters = lower genetic diversity - part of genetic drift

Question 3

Speciation

Answer 3

The process by which populations genetically diverge until they become distinct species.

Question 4

Comparative anatomy

Answer 4

Finding the similarities and differences between two similar species

Question 5

Homologous structures

Answer 5

Organs or skeletal elements of organisms that, due to their similarity, suggest their connection to a common ancestor. - Same but different species

Question 6

Vestigial structures

Answer 6

organs/structures that used to serve a purpose in the past but has become obsolete due to change in living conditions that causes the structures to be used less so they begin disappearing

Question 7

Transitional fossils

Answer 7

Fossils that show an intermediate stage of evolution
They will share some features with earlier species and some with later species

Question 8

Phylogenetic trees

Answer 8

a branching diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among different groups of organisms that have diverged from a common ancestor.

Morphology: they look and behave similarly (less accurate)

Molecular homology: comparing DNA or amino acid sequences

Question 9

Molecular homology

Answer 9

Molecular homology: comparing DNA or amino acid sequences

Question 10

Mitochondrial DNA

Answer 10

DNA found in the mitochondria that is unique to each species can help with identification and understanding environmental conditions over time

Question 11

Natural selection

Answer 11

process by which the organisms better suited to the environment have an increased chance of surviving and passing on their alleles.