Bio unit 2

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

high to low conc

Question 2

facilitated diffusion

Answer 2

high to low conc; proteins assist molecules too big to go thru membrane by themselves

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

low to high solute conc (to hypertonic)
- the water wants to DILLUTE the solute

Question 4

hypertonic

Answer 4

higher solute conc

Question 5

hypotonic

Answer 5

lower solute conc.

Question 6

isotonic

Answer 6

equal conc of solute anad water

Question 7

plasmolysis

Answer 7

cell water loss = shriveled cell

Question 8

when does plasmoylsis happen?

Answer 8

cell placed in hypertonic environment

Question 9

phagocytosis

Answer 9

cell eating (unspecific)

Question 10

pinocytosis

Answer 10

cell drinking (unspecific)

Question 11

receptor-mediated

Answer 11

binding of external molecules to specific receptor proteins in membrane (specific)

Question 12

dialysis membrane

Answer 12

semi-permeable film

Question 13

enzyme

Answer 13

a type of recyclable protein that catalyzes chemical reactions

Question 14

activation energy

Answer 14

amount of energy needed to stimulate reactants for a reaction

Question 15

factors that affect enzyme activity

Answer 15

temperature, pH, specificity, concentration

Question 16

Mitosis chromosome number…

Answer 16

one diploid cell ——> 2 genetically identical diploid cell

Question 17

How do animal cells perform cytokinesis?

Answer 17

cleavage furrow

Question 18

How do plant cells perform cytokinseis?

Answer 18

cell plate

Question 19

Monomer of carbs

Answer 19

monosaccharide

Question 20

monomer of lipids

Answer 20

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 21

what are fats made of?

Answer 21

triglycerides

Question 22

unsaturated fats

Answer 22

less hydrogen than max

Question 23

saturated fats

Answer 23

max amount of hydrogen

Question 24

Protein monomer

Answer 24

amino acids

Question 25

why is carbon so versatile?

Answer 25

can create four covalent bonds

Question 26

what makes up amino acids?

Answer 26

carbon bonded to... hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group, R group

Question 27

Nucleic acid monomer

Answer 27

nucleotides

Question 28

what are nucleotides made of?

Answer 28

phosphate, sugar, base

Question 29

Types of bases

Answer 29

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

Question 30

Benign tumor

Answer 30

not deadly tumor that stays in the place it originated

Question 31

Malignant tumor

Answer 31

deadly tumor that spreads (metastasis) to other parts of the body

Question 32

Radiation therapy

Answer 32

high level radiation (harms cancerous cells more than regular cells)

Question 33

Chemotherapy

Answer 33

use of drugs to stop cell division; UNSPECIFIC

Question 34

Cell theory

Answer 34

1. all living things are made of cells 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. cells come from other cells

Question 35

People who created the cell theory

Answer 35

Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow

Question 36

pH scale

Answer 36

0-14 0- acidicity 14- basic

Question 37

what does the pH scale measure?

Answer 37

measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions

Question 38

Functional groups

Answer 38

hydroxyl, carbonyl, amino, carboxyl

Question 39

buffers

Answer 39

substances that can resists pH change upon addition of acidic/basic components

Question 40

disaccharide examples

Answer 40

sucrose, maltose

Question 41

polysaccharide examples

Answer 41

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 42

monosaccharide examples

Answer 42

glucose, fructose

Question 43

who discovered the cell?

Answer 43

Robert Hooke

Question 44

G1

Answer 44

organelles double

Question 45

Synthesis

Answer 45

DNA synthesis; chromosome replication

Question 46

G2

Answer 46

final preparation before division

Question 47

apoptosis

Answer 47

programmed cell death