Quiz review

Question 1

Griffith- 1928

Answer 1

proved bacteria was capable of transferring gen. info

mouse experiment with pathogenic bacteria

Question 2

Hershey and Chase- 1952

Answer 2

experimented with bacteriophages and discovered that DNA (not protein) is injected into host cells

Question 3

Franklin and Gosling

Answer 3

photo 51 - X ray crystallography revealed double helix structure of DNA

Question 4

Watson and Crick- 1953

Answer 4

Model of DNA, base-pariing, double helix; won nobel prize

Question 5

Wilkins

Answer 5

studied franklin’s photo 51

Question 6

phosphate

Answer 6

circle shape- links sugars together

Question 7

sugar

Answer 7

hexagon shape- either ribose/deoxyribose

Question 8

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 8

rectangle shape- adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 9

purine has ___ ring(s)

Answer 9

double

Question 10

pyrimidine has __ ring(s)

Answer 10

single

Question 11

what bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 11

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 12

what bases are purines?

Answer 12

adenine, guanine

Question 13

Does a purine always bond with a pyrimidine?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Chargaff’s rules

Answer 14

A-T and G-C

Question 15

RNA polymerase

Answer 15

connect complementary RNA bases to DNA

Question 16

can dna polymerase start a chain by itself?

Answer 16

no - dna polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing DNA chain with the help of primers

Question 17

Ligase

Answer 17

joins okazaki fragments

Question 18

okazaki fragments

Answer 18

short sections of DNA

Question 19

helicase

Answer 19

untwists double helix to open strands at replication forks

Question 20

rRNA

Answer 20

makes up a ribosome

Question 21

where does transcription happen and what does it do?

Answer 21

nucleus
DNA –> mRNA

Question 22

where does translation happen and what does it do?

Answer 22

ribosome in cytoplasm
mRNA –> tRNA –> aa’s

Question 23

protein synth

Answer 23

assembling of polypeptide chain

Question 24

hydrogen vs covalent bonds

Answer 24

Keep bases together vs. keep sugars and phosphates together
Covalent bonds are much stronger than hydrogen bonds bc hydrogen bonds need to be seperated during DNA replication

Question 25

what part of DNA gives it the negative charge?

Answer 25

sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 26

process of transcription/translation

Answer 26

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 27

Avery

Answer 27

proved that DNA (not proteins) carried gen info

Question 28

DNA replication...

Answer 28

ensures that all body cells carry the same gen info

Question 29

Anticodons

Answer 29

are carried on tRNA and can recognize corresponding codons and bind to them so they can release the aa