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Exam tips Nutrition 1 > biochem 2 > Flashcards

biochem 2 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

the other molecules attached to carbon skeleton in living things are called

A

the functional group

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2
Q

3 forms carb

A

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

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3
Q

structure of disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides

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4
Q

structure of polysaccharide

A

10-100s monosaccharides

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5
Q

type of reaction that joins monosaccharides together

A

dehydration reaction

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6
Q

type of bond joining all carbs

A

glycosidic

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7
Q

ex 5 monosaccharides

A 
glucose
fructose
galactose
deoxyribose
ribose
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8
Q

glucose + fructose =

A

sucrose

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9
Q

sucrose made of

A

glucose & fructose

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10
Q

glucose + galactose =

A

lactose

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11
Q

lactose made of

A

glucose + galactose

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12
Q

glucose + glucose =

A

maltose

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13
Q

maltose made of

A

glucose + glucose

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14
Q

3 ex of polysaccharides

A

glycogen
starch
cellulose

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15
Q

structure of glycogen, starch & cellulose

A

glucose chains

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16
Q

monosaccharides are grouped into families, named after

A

no. of carbon atoms in the chain
tri-oe
pentose
hexose

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17
Q

most common polysaccharide in body is

A

glycogen

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18
Q

are polysaccharides soluble

A

no

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19
Q

do polysaccharides taste sweet

A

no

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20
Q

the major dietary source of carbohydrate is

A

starch

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21
Q

starch made up of 2 polysaccharides called

A

amylose

amylopectin

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22
Q

structure of glycogen

A

polysaccharide made of glucose

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23
Q

function of glycogen

A

primary short term energy storage in body

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24
Q

glycogen mostly made by

A

liver and muscles

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25
what is cellulose
structural material of plants
26
why can't we digest cellulose
we lack cellulase
27
3 carb functions
primary fuel for energy production stored energy: glycogen 3 fibre - bowel function
28
digestible carb in the diet comes from what 3 sources
sugars starch glycogen from animal protein
29
4 stages carb digestion
1 - mouth: salivary amylase splits glycosidic bonds 2 - stomach: digestion stops due to pH 3 - pancreatic amylase continues digestion in small intestine 4 - mucosal cells of jejunum brush border secrete sucrase, amylase lactase to complete digestion
30
glucose from carb digestion is used for 4
``` Production of: ATP glycogen triglycerides amino acids ```
31
lipids like carbohydrates contain which 3 elements
carbon hydrogen oxygen
32
lipids are hydrophobic because they have fewer what that carbs
OH groups
33
how do lipids move around body
made more soluble by attaching to proteins = lipoproteins
34
main form dietary fat
triglycerides
35
structure triglyceride
1 glycerol | 3 fatty acid
36
what reaction bonds triglycerides together
dehydration synthesis reaction
37
what bonds to fats have
ester bond
38
triglycerides are broken down by what reaction
hydrolysis reaction
39
4 functions of fats/triglycerides/lipids
1 source of energy (less efficient than carb) 2 storage excess calories 3 insulation 4 protection
40
structure of saturated fats
single covalent bonds between each fatty acid carbon atom
41
behaviour of saturated fat at room temp
solid - can pack tightly
42
structure monounsaturated fat
double covalent bond between 2 carbons in carbon chain
43
shape of monounsaturated fat
bent due to 1 double bond
44
behaviour of monounsaturated fat at room temp
liquid as molecules can't pack tightly
45
structure polyunsaturated fats
several double covalent bonds in carbon chain
46
shape of polyunsaturated fats
kinked
47
behaviour of polyunsaturated fats at room temp
liquid
48
how to find omega carbon in fatty acid
last c in chain
49
how to find alpha carbon in fatty acid
1st c after carboxyl join (cooh)
50
fatty acids are named according to the
closest double bond to the omega carbon
51
a double bond in a fat has two possible configurations
cis | trans
52
cis or trans found in nature
cis
53
configuration and shape of cis fat
H atoms on same side of double bond | bent
54
config and shape of trans fat
H atoms on separate side of double bond | straight
55
2 ways cis fats turn to trans fats
high temp | hydrogenation processes margarine
56
what type of fat are EFAs
polyunsaturated
57
can body make omega 3/6 from scratch
no | only converts from 1 to another
58
omega 3 family
LNA EPA DHA Eicosanoids
59
LNA full name/source
alpha-linolenic acid | veg oil, flax, nuts
60
EPA full name/source
eicosapentaenoic acid | fish oil
61
DHA full name/source
docosahexaenoic acid | fish oil
62
omega 6 family
LA GLA AA Eicosanoids
63
full name/source LA
Linoleic Acid | veg oil, nuts seeds
64
GLA full name source
Gamma-Linolenic Acid | borage/primrose oil
65
AA full name/source
arachidonic acid | meat
66
6 functions EFA
1 fluidity/chemical activity cell membrane 2 help make lubricants for joints 3 transport cholesterol in blood 4 needed by tissues of retina, adrenals, brain, testes 5 ensure proper nerve transmission esp in brain 6 prostaglandin synthesis
67
polyunsaturated fats are prone to becoming what
free radicals
68
radical formation is accelerated by
light oxygen heat
69
2 safety considerations for polyunsaturated fats
never cook with | keep in glass bottle in fridge
70
where are lipoproteins sinthesised
in liver
71
which lipoprotein carries triglycerides from intestines to liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue
chylomicrons
72
which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to the liver
HDL
73
which lipoprotein carries triglycerides from the liver to adipose tissue
VLDL
74
which lipoprotein carries cholesterol from liver to all cells of body
LDL

Exam tips Nutrition 1 (11 decks)

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