biochem 3

Question 1

structure of phospholipids

Answer 1

glycerol
2 fatty acids
a phosphate group

Question 2

polar end of phospholipid is hydro -

Answer 2

philic

Question 3

non-polar end of phospholipid is hydro

Answer 3

phobic

Question 4

phospholipids have 1 end hydrophilic 1 end hydrophobic this is known as

Answer 4

amphiphatic

Question 5

3 types of steroids

Answer 5

cholesterol
testosterone
oestrogen

Question 6

sterols are

Answer 6

steroid alcohols

steroid bases with an OH group

Question 7

steroid structure

Answer 7

base of 4 rings carbon atoms

Question 8

4 ways lipids can enter body

Answer 8

digested
released from storage
synthesised by liver

Question 9

phase 1 & 2 fat digestion

Answer 9

in duodenum pancreatic lipase breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids/glycerol
bile salts released to emulsify fat and make more soluble

Question 10

phase 3 & 4 fat digestion

Answer 10

membrane of small intestine: end products dissolve & diffuse into enterocytes
intestinal lipase helps further digest

Question 11

fat digestion - at end, what is also formed in entericystes

Answer 11

triglycerides
cholesterol
phospholipids
turned into lipoproteins and go into lacteals of villi

Question 12

building blocks protein

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

protein formed from which 4 elelemts

Answer 13

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
some also sulphur

Question 14

which 2 groups does every a/a have

Answer 14

amine group

carboxyl group

Question 15

each has side chain called

Answer 15

r group - unique

Question 16

how many a/a found in proteins

Answer 16

20

Question 17

non-polar a/as are what in water

Answer 17

hydrophobic

Question 18

polar a/as are what in water

Answer 18

hydrophilic

Question 19

mnewminoc 20 essental a/as

Answer 19

PVT TIM HALL

Question 20

PVT TIM HALL

Answer 20

P - phenylalanine
V - valine
T - threonine
T - tryptophan
I - isoleucine
M - methionine
H - histidine
A - arginine
L - leucine
L - lysine

Question 21

amino acids joined together to make peptides in what reactions

Answer 21

condensation reactions

Question 22

amino acid bonds called

Answer 22

peptide bond

Question 23

2 a-as called

Answer 23

di-peptide

Question 24

aspartame is a peptide made of

Answer 24

aspartic acid

phenylalanine

Question 25

glutathione dipeptide made of

Answer 25

cysteine glycine glutamate

Question 26

what forms between suphur=containing a/as in tertiary structure

Answer 26

di-sulphide bonds

Question 27

what happens in denaturation

Answer 27

unfolding of proteins | breaking bonds between SIDE CHAINS making them unable to function

Question 28

3 denaturing agents

Answer 28

heat mechanic mixing strong acids/bases

Question 29

misfiling caused by

Answer 29

gene mutation | amyloid plaques AD

Question 30

7 functions proteins

Answer 30

``` structure body tissues - collagen movement - actin/myosin fibres carier milecules - haemoglobin storage molecules - ferritin fluid balance in blood - albumin enzymes - dig envy,es hormones - insulin immune - complement ```

Question 31

protein, carb and lipid bonds are all formed by what reaction

Answer 31

dehydration synthesis

Question 32

protein, carb, lipid bonds are all broken down by

Answer 32

hydrolysis

Question 33

protein digestion 1 - what happens in stomach

Answer 33

HCL converts pepsinogen > pepsin | pepsin breaks protein chains into polypeptides

Question 34

protein 2 digestion what stimulates pancreatic juices

Answer 34

CCK & Secretin - released in small intestine

Question 35

3 protein digestion what pancreatic enzymes are released

Answer 35

trypsinogen | chymotrypsinogen

Question 36

protein digestion 4 | what do trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen get activated into and by wjat

Answer 36

trypsin chymotrypsin - by enterokinase in intestinal mucosa

Question 37

protein digestion 5 | action of trypsin & chymotrypsin

Answer 37

chops polypeptides into di & tri peptides in enterocytes

Question 38

final stage protein digestion

Answer 38

amino acids & small peptides absorbed into blood