Biochem module 2 Flashcards
(125 cards)
2
Q
Base on IUB system, Hexokinase is what kind of enzyme?
A
Transferase
3
Q
Major storage carbohydrate in animal
A
Glycogen
4
Q
What equation is used for enzyme exhibiting cooperativitiy
A . Michaelis Menten
B. Hill
C. Michaelis Menten double derived reciprocal
D. All of the above
A
B. if ordinary, a and c
5
Q
Primer protein for glycogen
A
Glycogenin
6
Q
How to overcome competitive inhibition
A
Add more substate
7
Q
Glycogen is a glycoproteins
A
False
8
Q
In non competitive inhibition, A, vmax increase, km increase B. no change vmax, km decrease C. No change vmax, no change km D. Vmax decrease, no change km
A
D
9
Q
6 membered ring structure sugar is called
A
Pyranose
If 5- furanose
10
Q
True or false. After a chemical rxn, enzymes are consumed.
A
False. Enzyme catAlyzes rxn but is not consumed or PERMANENTLY altered
11
Q
Storage form of glucose for plants
A
Starch. If human, glycogen
12
Q
True or false. Cytochrome are only found in the mitochondria
A
False.
13
Q
Where does glycogenesis occur
A
Liver, muscle
14
Q
If rifampicin, an enzyme inducer is given concommitantly with morphine, these will happen to morphine except
A. Inc effect
B. inc metabolism
C. Inc excretion
A
A. Dec
15
Q
Precursor for glycogen
A
Glucose
16
Q
functions similar to those of prosthetic groups but bind in a transient, dissociable manner either to the enzyme or to a substrate
A
Cofactors
17
Q
What is the rate limiting step in glycogenesis
A
Chain elongation. By glycogen synthase
18
Q
Vitamin b needed for A. NAD B. FMN C. Coenzyme A D. Ketoacids E. one carbon metabolism
A
A. Nicotinamide B. riboflavin C. Panthotenic acid D. Thiamine E. folic acid and cobamide
19
Q
Activated form of glucose
A
UDP glucose
20
Q
True or false. Almost all enzyme are protein
A
True. Mostly protein Some ribozymes ( RNA enzymes)
21
Q
Can glucose 1 phosphate be cleaved
A
No. Change it to G6P first
22
Q
The ff can increase reaction rate except A. Increase temp B. increase reactant concentration C. Increase kinetic energy D. None of the above
A
D
23
Q
Rate limiting step in glycogenolysis
A
Glycogen phosphorylase
24
Q
How many hydrogen ion is translocated in NADH dehydrogenase
A
4
25
Q
Product formed by debranching enzyme in glycogenolysis
A
Free glucose
26
```
Competitive inhibition has
A. No effect on vmax, increase km
B. increase vmax, no effect on km
C. Decrease vmax, decrease km
D, increase vmax, increase km
E. no effect on vmax, no effect in km
```
A
27
Pompe's disease lacks what enzyme
Acid maltase
28
```
phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is
A. Endergonic
B. exergonic
C. Both
D. Neither
```
A. Needs energy from ATP.
29
How many ATP is used in glycogenolysis
None
30
Final electron acceptor in ETC
Oxygen
31
If Gibbs free energy is positive, it will favor
A. Substrate formation
B. product formation
Substrate
32
How many hydrogen ion is needed to produce 1 ATP
4
33
True or false. In noncompetitive inhibition, binding of the inhibitor affects binding of substrate
False. Does not affect.
34
True or false. Chylomicron triacylglycerol is directly taken up by liver
False. Lipoprotein lipase must first act on it
35
True or false. In spontaneous rxn, there is increase in entropy
True
36
What is the prosthetic group of peroxidase
Protoheme
37
Partial oxidation of fatty acids in the liver leads to
Ketone body production
38
How many ATP is produced from FADH2 in TCA
3
39
Initial electron donor in ETC
NADH
40
```
If reaction proceeds spontaneously with loss of free energy
A. Gibbs is negative, exergonic
B. Gibbs is positive, endergonic
C. Gibbs is negative, endergonic
D. Gibbs is positive, exergonic
```
A
41
serve as recyclable shuttles—or group transfer reagents—that transport many substrates from their point of generation to their point of utilization
Co enzymes
42
In ETC, what links the flavoproteins to cytochrome b
Ubiquinone or coenzyme Q
43
process of forming glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors
Gluconeogenesis
44
distinguished by their tight, stable incorporation into a protein’s structure by covalent or noncovalent forces
Prosthetic group
45
Where do non competitive inhibitor bind
Allosteric site If competitive, active site
46
True or false. Endergonic rxn does not need exergonic rxn to take place.
False. It cannot exist alone, must have energy source
47
```
In ETC the ff acts as proton pump except
A. Complex I
B. complex II
C. Complex III
D. Complex IV
```
B.
48
Uncouplers inhibit ETC by what mechanism
Create iodophores where hydrogen ions can go inside mitochondria thus reducing the electrochemical gradient for ATP synthase to occur
49
What inhibitor blocks conduction of hydrogen ion to the ATP synthase
Oligomycin
50
```
Monosaccharides are joined by
A. Phosphodiester bond
B. glycosidic bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Hydrogen bond
```
B.
phosphodiester bond for ATP
Peptide bond for amino acids
51
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, where it is oxidatively decarboxylated to the two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA. This rxn is called
Transition rxn
52
How many ATP is produced in glycolysis
4
53
What organism utilize simple exergonic process
Autotrophs
54
```
Glucose is an example of
A. Aldehyde
B. ketone
C. Carboxylic acid
D. Alcohol
```
A. Fructose is a ketone
55
As you go along ETC,
A. There is an increase in electronegativity
B. There is a decrease in electronegativity
C. There is no change in electronegativity
A
56
```
In ETC, an inhibition of 1 complex will
A. Slow down ETC
B. Stop ETC
C. Hasten ETC
D. No effect
```
B
57
```
Lower Km will result to
A. Increase affinity
B. increase vmax
C. Decrease affinity
D. Decrease vmax
```
A
58
How many net ATP is produced in aerobic glycolysis
7
59
Most important carbohydrate
Glucose
60
How many ATP is produced in the NADH of TCA
15
61
```
Barbiturates is an inh. Of ETC complex ____
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
```
A. By inhibiting the transfer of Fes to Q
62
Inhibitor of complex V
Atractyloside or oligomycin
63
In complex IV, how many hydrogen ion are translocated
2
64
True or false. Enzymes are stereospecific
True.
65
In glycogen, what bond causes it to branch
1,6 bond
66
Esters of fatty acids with glycerol
Fats
| If with alcohol , wax
67
Where does glycolysis take place
Cytosol
68
```
When a chain is said to be saturated,
A. It has no double bond
B. it has 1 double bond
C. It has 2 double bonds
D. It has 1 triple bond, 1 double bond
```
A.
69
FADH2 will start at what complex in ETC
II
70
Inhibitor of glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
Iodoacetate
71
Amphibolic metabolism is
A. Exergonic
B. endergonic
C. Both
C. Anabolic - endergonic ; Catabolic - exergonic
72
ALL carboxylases require _____ as a co-factor
Biotin
73
All the products of digestion are metabolized to a common product called
Acetyl coA
74
End product of anaerobic glycolysis
Lactic acid
75
Energy is used in gluconeogenesis
4 ATP, 2 GTP, 2 NADH
76
Each glucose molecule can produce ____ ATP
32
77
Where does ETC take place
Inner mitochondrial membrane
78
Pathway to synthesize ribose
Pentose phosphate
79
Main fuel RESERVE of the body
Triacylglycerol
80
True or false. All organ can take up free fatty acids
False. Brain and erythrocytes cannot
81
NADH is transferred from the cytosol to the mitochondria by what transported
Glycerophosphate shuttle or malate shuttle
82
Where does protein synthesis take place
Endoplasmic reticulum
83
```
Acetyl-CoA is also used as the precursor for biosynthesis of the ff except
a. long-chain fatty acids
B. steroids
C. ketone bodies
D. none of the above
```
D
84
After deamination, amino nitrogen is excreted as
Urea
85
Glycolysis is
A. Catabolism
B. anabolism
C. Amphibolism
A
86
Glycolysis in RBC will yield how many net ATP
None
87
Dec in glycogen phosphorylase would lead to
A. Inc glycogenesis
B. dec glycogenesis
A
88
```
These organs DO NOT need insulin except
A. RBC
B. brain
C. Liver
D. Muscle
E. intestinal mucosa
```
D. Muscle and adipose tissues need it
89
How many ATP is invested in glycolysis
2
90
How does pyruvate become lactate
Fermentation by lactate dehydrogenase
91
Major site of gluconeogenesis
Liver 90%, kidney 10
92
ATP is an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis
False. Activator along fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
93
Rate limiting step in gluconeogenesis
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate
94
Enolase is inhibited by
Fluoride
95
Where does PEP carboxylase get GTP
Beta oxidation of fatty acid
96
True or false Increase breakdown of fat would signal gluconeogenesis
True
97
Muscle does NOT contribute to blood glucose
True. It has no G6P
98
Endoplasmic reticulum
Where is glucose 6 phosphate converted to glucose
99
How many ATP is used in Cori cycle
4
100
major precursor of glucose in ruminants
Proprionate
101
Priopionate is directly fed to gluconeogenesis
False.
102
true or false. Gluconeogenesis depends on amino acids and, to a lesser extent, on lactic acid and glycerol
True
103
Increase glucagon increases gluconeogenesis
True.
104
Glucagon stimulate glycolysis
FAlse. Inhibit
105
The only source of glucose during prolonged fasting
Gluconeogenesis
106
Inc NADH inc gluconeogenesis
False
107
Dietary EVEN numbered carbon fatty acids will yield propionate
False. ODD numbered so yun may carbon 15, 17, 19....
108
Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate would stimulate gluconeogenesis
False. Stimulate glycolysis.inh gluconeogenesis
109
Where can you find glucose 6 phosphates
Liver and kidney
110
catalyzes the conversion of glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate
Glycerol kinase. Found only in kidney n liver
111
Enzyme in the Rate limiting step of glycolysis
Fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
112
Where can you find PEP carboxylase
Mitochondria
113
Shape of the graph of an enzyme that exhibits cooperativitiy
SigmoidalIf ordinary enzyme, hyperbolic
114
combined catabolic and anabolic processes
Metabolism
115
The remaining free energy that is not captured as high-energy phosphate is liberated as _____
Heat
116
How many net ATP is produced in anaerobic glycolysis
2
117
Main fuel source of the body
Glucose
118
How many ATP is produced from the NADH of GLYCOLYSIS
5
119
portion of the total energy change in a system that is available for doing work
Gibb's free energy
120
True or false. Metalloenzymes are metal activated enzymes
False. Metalloenzyme - prosthetic groupMetal activated enzyme - cofactors
121
How many hydrogen ions are translocated in complex II
None
122
Cyanide inhibits what complex in ETC
IV
123
postulates that the energy from oxidation of components in the respiratory chain is coupled to the translocation of hydrogen ions (protons, H+) from the inside to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory
124
Most accepted theory on enzyme bonding to substrate
Induced fit by Koshland
125
extent of disorder or randomness of the system
Entropy
126
Increase in insulin would lead to
A. Inc glycogenesis
B. dec glycogenesis
A
