true or false. nucleosides are nucleotides with phosphate groups
false
nucleotides are nucleosides with phosphate group
which part of the lac operon will encode for permease
a. lac I
b. lac z
c. lac y
d. lac a
c
sugar used in RNA is a product from which metabolic pathway
a. glycolysis
b. gluconeogenesis
c. PPP
d. ETC
c
In making nucleic acids, these are needed
a. nucleotide monophosphate
b. nucleotide diphosphate
c. nucleotide triphosphate
d. nucleoside
c
in adenosine triphosphate, phosphate groups are bonded by
a. glycosidic
b. phosphodiester
c. H bond
d. acid anhydride
d
name this structure
nitrogenous base: cytosine
sugar: deoxyribose
phosphate group: 1
deoxycytidine monophosphate
in purines, glycosidic bond is normally between ____ of sugar and ____ of purine
a. C1 and N1
b. C2 and N3
c. C3 and N5
d. C2 and N7
d. C1 and N9
d
in nuclei acids, the base pair C-G is linked by
a. 1 G bond
b. 2 H bond
c. 3 H bond
d. oxygen bond
c
nucleotides are linked together by
a. glycosidic
b. phosphodiester
c. H bond
d. acid anhydride
b
in the body, the first pyrimidine synthesized is
a. AMP
b. UMP
c. OMP
d. IMP
c
end product of purine metabolism
a. orotic acid
b. hydrochloric acid
c. uric acid
d. hydroxyapatite
c
the ff makes up a adenosine monophosphate except
a. purine
b. pyrimidine
c. ribose
d. phosphate group
b
synthetic nucleotide analogues are effective as anti virals because they act by
a. competitive inhibitors
b. non competitive inhibitor
c. enzyme inhibitor
d. enzyme inducer
a
deoxyribose has only 1 hydroxyl group attach to
a. carbon 1
b. carbon 2
c. carbon 3
d. carbon 4
e. carbon 5
c
if ribose carbon 2 and 3
the role of pyrophosphate in purine synthesis is
a. part of the final product
b. energy source
c. inhibitor
d. NOTA
b
rate limiting enzyme in purine synthesis
a. PRPP synthetase
b. AIR carboxylase
c. PRPP glutamyl aminotransferase
d. PGAM synthase
c
in ring closure, the process involved is
a. decarboxylation
b. oxidation
c. dehydrogenation
d. dehydration
d
initial substrate in purine synthesis
a. Glutamine
b. ribose 5 phosphate
c. IMP
d. amino acid
b
major site of purine synthesis
a. kidney
b. muscle
c. heart
d. liver
d
second messenger utilized by nitric oxide
a. cAMP
b. cGMP
c. phospholipase C
d. G protein
b
what amino acid can be synthesized from ribose 5 phosphate
a. glutamine
b. aspartate
c. arginine
d. histidine
d
the nitrogen 1 of purine is from
a. aspartate
b. CO2
c. N10 formyl THF
d. glycine
a
true or false. we can use the nucleic acids from the food we eat for purine anabolism
false
the repressor gene in bacteriophage lamba is an example of
a. positive regulator
b. negative regulator
c. both
d. nota
c
the first committed step in purine synthesis is catalyzed by
a. PRPP synthetase
b. AIR carboxylase
c. PRPP glutamyl aminotransferase
d. PGAM synthase
a
in pyrimidines, glycosidic bond is normally between ____ of sugar and ____ of pyrimidine
a. C1 and N1
b. C2 and N3
c. C3 and N5
d. C2 and N7
d. C1 and N9
a
in the branch point for purine syntheisis, AMP needs energy in the form of
a. ATP
b. GTP
c. GDP
d. ADP
b
the nitrogen 3 of purine is from
a. aspartate
b. CO2
c. glutamine
d. glycine
c
nitrogen 3 ans 9
what TCA intermediate will be yielded in the branch point for AMP pathway
a. fumarate
b. succinyl coA
c. citrate
d. malonyl coA
a
how many ATP is needed for purine synthesis
a. 1
b. 2
c. 5
d. 6
c
1 mole- glycince, CO2, aspartate
2 mole- glutamine, formate
what amino acid is needed in the branch point for the GMP pathway
a. fumarate
b. glutamine
c. aspartate
d. serine
b
in the branch point for purine syntheisis, when there is more ATP than GTP what pathway will predominate?
a. GDP
b. ADP
c. AMP
d. GMP
d
a bacteriophage is a/an
a. bacteria
b. fungi
c. virus
d. algae
c
what amino acid is needed in the branch point for the AMP pathway
a. fumarate
b. glutamine
c. aspartate
d. serine
c
adenosine is converted to inosine via the help of
a. ADA
b. PNP
c. xanthine oxidase
d. nucleotidase
a
when nucleotidase acts, it will yield
a. nucleotide
b. ribose
c. nucleoside
d. DNA
c
in purine catabolism, they will all become
a. guanine
b. hypoxanthine
c. inosine
d. xanthine
d
what ezyme will catalyze the release of nitrogenous base?
a. ADA
b. PNP
c. xanthine oxidase
d. nucleotidase
b
will release ribose 1 phosphate
to make AMP from adenine, __________ must be incorporated
a. water
b. PRPP
c. glutamine
d. CO2
b
true or false. catabolism of purine synthesis will always yield uric acid
false. think salvage pathway
defieciency in ADA results in a. albinism b. Von Gierke c. Gout d, SCID
d
what cell is most affected in salvage pathway for purine nucleotides
a. nephrons
b. leukocytes
c. cardiac cell
d. adipocytes
b
the free purine bases can be reconverted to their nucleotides via the process of
a. carboxylation
b. phosphoribosylation
c. dehydration
d. dehydrogenation
b
DNA replication occurs during
a. G1 phase
b. G2 phase
c. S phase
d. M phase
c
what TCA intermediate is released in the purine nucleotide cycle
a. fumarate
b. succinyl coA
c. citrate
d. malonyl coA
a
true or false. lysogenic pathway can become a lytic pathway
true, if you manipulate the environmental factors
the ff are substrates for carbamoyl phosphate except a. glutamine b ATP c. C02 d. aspartate
d
in pyrimidine synthesis, what is the source of ribose phosphate
a. glutamine
b. quinone
c. PRPP
d. histidine
c
rate limiting enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis
a. Carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1
b. Carbomoyl phosphate synthase 2
c. ATCase
d. OMP decarboxylase
c
what nucleotide is derived by de novo synthesis from dUMP
a. guanine
b. uridine
c. cytidine
d. thymidine
d
aspartate contributes to the ff atoms in pyrimidine except
a. N1
b. N3
c. C4
d. C6
b
actions of hormones usually exhibit what type of response
a. type a
b. type b
c. type c
d. type d
a
lac operon is an example of _____ response
a. type a
b. type b
c. type c
d. type d
a
in the body, the first purine synthesized is
a. AMP
b. UMP
c. OMP
d. IMP
d
in the synthesis of CTP, what is the amino source
a. glutamine
b. glutamate
c. ammonia
d. alanine
a
in the synthesis of urea, what is the amino source
a. glutamine
b. glutamate
c. ammonia
d. alanine
c
biosynthetic pathway of purine and pyrimidine are for
a. ribonucleotides
b. deoxyribonucleotides
c. both
d. nota
a
in nuclei acids, the base pair A-T is linked by
a. 1 G bond
b. 2 H bond
c. 3 H bond
d. oxygen bond
b
which of the ff bases does not appear on DNA a. A B. C C. G D. T E. U
E
formation of deoxyribose is thru
a. reduction
b. oxidation
c. decarboxylation
d. hydration
a
enzyme used for the convertion of ribose to deoxyribose
a. deoxyribonucleoside reductase
b. ribonucleotide synthase
c. deoxyribonucleotide synthase
d. ribonucleotide reductase
d
reduction of ribonucleotide reductase is facilitated by a, NADPH b. ATP c. glutaredoxin d. vitamin C
c
or thioredoxin
dATP INHIBITS REDUCTION
a. ADP
b. CDP
c. GDP
d. AOTA
d
thymidine is also called
a. 4-amino guanine
b. 3-hydroxyuracil
c. 5-methyl cytosine
d. adenosine monophosphate
c
regeneration of DHF to THF is catalyzed by what enzyme
a. thymidilate synthase
b. dihydrofolate synthase
c. dihydrofolate reductase
d. serine hydroxymethyl synthase
c
stop codon for mitochondrial DNA except
a. AGA
b. AGG
c. UGA
d. NOTA
c.
for eukaryotic DNa - stop codons are UAG, UAA, UGA
Mitochnondrial - UGA is not a stop codon. code for tryptophan
bacteria’s source of folate
a. human
b. diet
c. PABA
d. sulfonamides
c
increase in PRPP will ______ purine synthesis, ____ pyrimidine synthesis
a. inc, dec
b. inc, inc
c. dec, inc
d. dec, dec
b
The role of glycine in ATCase regulation
a. amino source
b. energy souce
c. competitive inhibitor
d. enzyme inducer
c
ATCase is inhibited by the ff except
a. CTP
b. UDP
c. UTP
d. dUTP
e. ATP
e
end product of pyrimidine catabolism
a. uric acid
b. xanthine
c. beta alanine
d. potassium dichromate
c along with β-aminoisobutyrate, NH3, CO2
a polymeric molecule composed of 4 types of monomeric units that contains the genetic information of an organism.
a. protein
b. enzyme
c. lipids
d. DNA
d
One turn of B-DNA contains
a. 7 base pair
b. 8 base pair
c. 9 base pair
d. 10 base pair
d
the carbon 2 of purine is from
a. aspartate
b. CO2
c. N10 formyl THF
d. glycine
c
if 15% of a DNA is A, how many is C
a. 35
b. 60
c. 85
d. 100
a
RNA transcript has the same sequence as
a. template strand
b. coding strand
c. non coding strand
d. killing strand
b
who died
a. watson
b. crick
c. both
d. nota
b
The RNA transcript is complementary to the
a. DNA coding strand
b. poly A tail
c. cap
d. DNA template strand
d
template for protein synthesis
a. mRNA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. DNA
a
dGTP INHIBITS REDUCTION of the ff except
a. ADP
b. CDP
c. UDP
d. GDP
a
Separated strands of DNA will renature or will reassociate when appropriate physiologic temperature and salt conditions are achieved. this process is called
a. degeneration
b. replication
c. transcription
d. hybridization
d
silencing RNA
a. miRNA
b. siRNAs
c. tRNA
d. mRNA
b
phenotype is determined by
a. central dogma
b. gene expression
c. histones
d. chromosomes
b
which of the ff purine base has no PNP
a. inosine
b. xanthosine
c. adenosine
d. guanosine
d
acts as the machinery for the synthesis of proteins from mRNA templates
a. mRNA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. DNA
c
the following occurs in the nucleus except
a. replication
b. transcription
c. translation
d. NOTA
c.
expression of the gene is increased by an activator
a. positive regulation
b. negative regulation
c. non competitive inhibitor
d. competitive inhibitor
a
differentiated functions in tissues and organs usually exhibits what type of response
a. type a
b. type b
c. type c
d. type d
c
in the branch point for purine syntheisis, GMP needs energy in the form of
a. ATP
b. GTP
c. GDP
d. ADP
a
gene expression is dependent upon the presence of inducing signal. this is
a. type a
b. type b
c. type c
d. type d
a
CAP- cAMP increases during low level of glucose. ths is an example of
a. positive regulation
b. negative regulation
c. non competitive inhibitor
d. competitive inhibitor
a
the carbon 6 of purine is from
a. aspartate
b. CO2
c. N10 formyl THF
d. glycine
b
deoxyribose is different from ribose because
a. it lacks hydroxyl group at carbon 2
b. it lackshydroxyl group at carbon 3
c. it lacks ketone group at carbon 2
d. it lacks ketone group at carbon 3
a
which part of the lac operon will encode for galactosidase
a. lac I
b. lac z
c. lac y
d. lac a
b
what type of response is usually seen in the development of an organism
a. type a
b. type b
c. type c
d. type d
b
for lac operon to take place there must be
a. high glucose, low lactose
b. low glucose, no lactose
c. low glucose, high lactose
d. high glucose, high lactose
c
binding of an inducer depresses the lac operon. this is an example of
a. positive regulation
b. negative regulation
c. non competitive inhibitor
d. competitive inhibitor
b
Smallest unit of gene expression A. Gene B. Chromatin C. Cistron D. Operon
C
what do you call a set of genes arranged sequentially and is involved in a particular metabolic activity
a. gene expression
b. bacteriophage lambda
c. lac operon
d. phenotype
c
mitochondrial DNA is from
a. our mother
b. our father
c. our brother
d. our sister
a
when the Cro gene is activated, the lytic pathway is irreversible. this is an example of _____- response
a. type a
b. type b
c. type c
d. type d
c
in bacteriophage, they insert their DNA on their host when it is on dormant stage, it proceeds in _____ pathway
a. lysogenic
b. lytic
c. lion
d. lac operom
a
what kind of RNA matches amino acids with the codons in mRNA
a. mRNA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. DNA
b
glycine contributes which part of purine
a. N1, C4, N9
b. C4, C5, N7
c. N3, C8, N9
d. C6, N7, N1
b
Which part of the lac operon is a constitutive gene A. lacI B. lacZ C. lacY D. lacA
A
In bacteriophage lambda, Which of the ff has the least affinity to the repressor gene A. OR1 B. OR2 C. OR3 D. OR4
C
OR1 - highest affinity
Serve as adapters for the translation of mRNA to amino acids
a. mRNA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. DNA
b
in prokaryotes, these are group of proteins that recognize the site of origin
a. DNA polymerase III
b. DNA poymerase I
c. ssDNA binging protein
d. DNA A protein
e. primase
d
in prokaryotes, these are synthesizes primers
a. DNA polymerase III
b. DNA poymerase I
c. ssDNA binging protein
d. DNA A protein
e. primase
e
in prokaryotes, these are group of proteins that have the proofreading ability
a. DNA polymerase III
b. DNA poymerase I
c. ssDNA binging protein
d. DNA A protein
e. primase
a
in prokaryotes, these are group of proteins that maintain the separation of parental strands
a. DNA polymerase III
b. DNA poymerase I
c. ssDNA binging protein
d. DNA A protein
e. primase
c
in prokaryotes, these are group of proteins that remove supercoils
a. DNA polymerase III
b. DNA poymerase I
c. ssDNA binging protein
d. DNA A protein
e. DNA Topoisomerase
e
in prokaryotes, these are group of proteins that remove primase
a. DNA polymerase III
b. DNA poymerase I
c. ssDNA binging protein
d. DNA A protein
e. primase
b
origin of site of replication in prokaryotic DNA is rich in
a. AT pair
b. CG pair
c. AC pair
d. CU pair
a
what do you all highly repetitive DNA at the end of their linear chromosomes
a. histones
b. chromatin
c. telomere
d. centromere
c
purine nucleotide cycle is important in
a. nephrons
b. leukocytes
c. muscle cell
d. adipocytes
c
