biochemistry

Question 1

What is biochemistry?

Answer 1

study of chemical composition and reaction of living matter.

Question 2

What are inorganic compounds?

Answer 2

do not contain carbon except co2 (water, salts, and many acids and bases) essential for life.

Question 3

What are organic compounds?

Answer 3

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids. they contain carbon, are usually large, and are covalently bonded. essential for life.

Question 4

What is water?

Answer 4

(h20) the most abundant compound and accounts for 50% to 75% of the human body weight.

Question 5

What are the properties of water?

Answer 5

high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent properties, and cushioning.

Question 6

What is high heat capacity?

Answer 6

temperature of water is very stable (helps stabilize the internal temperature of the body).

Question 7

What is high heat of vaporization?

Answer 7

is a good evaporative coolant, which helps maintain uniform heat.

Question 8

What is polar solvent properties?

Answer 8

universal solvent, both cohesive and adhesive giving it surface tension, capillarity, and lubricating properties.

Question 9

What is cushioning?

Answer 9

protects certain organs from physical trauma.

Question 10

What are minerals?

Answer 10

such as salts are ionic compounds that dissociate into separate ions in water. separated into cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) not including h+ and oh- ions

Question 11

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 11

all ions because they can conduct electrical currents in solutions.

Question 12

What are monomers?

Answer 12

smallest organic compound and diffuses through cell membranes. (building blocks)

Question 13

What is a polymer?

Answer 13

larger molecules and too big to fit through the cell membrane.

Question 14

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 14

combine monomers by removing water.

Question 15

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 15

add water to split monomers apart.

Question 16

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 16

(sugar) they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. “glyco” (prefix), “ose”(suffix), “sacchar”(root word) all indicate sugar.

Question 17

What is a monosaccaride?

Answer 17

simple sugars, main energy source for cell, glucose (c6h12o6), cellular respiration for ATP.

Question 18

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 18

double sugars, lactose (milk), can’t be used directly by cells.

Question 19

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 19

can’t be used directly by cells, starch, glycogen, cellulose, and not soluble.

Question 20

What is a lipid?

Answer 20

fats that contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen with no definite ratio

Question 21

What are the monomers in lipids?

Answer 21

fatty acids

Question 22

What does saturated mean in lipids?

Answer 22

more hydrogen they can have which creates a solid bond at room temperature.

Question 23

What does unsaturated mean in lipids?

Answer 23

not enough hydrogen this causes a kink in the carbon chain which causes oil at room temperature.

Question 24

What are polymer triglycerides?

Answer 24

energy storage, insulation, and cushioning.

Question 25

What are phospholipids?

Answer 25

important for cell memebrane structure.

Question 26

What is used for making steroids needed for regular body functions?

Answer 26

cholesterol

Question 27

What are the attributes of a phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 27

the top has extracellular fluid and the bottom ultracellular fluid. the head is hydrophilic and the tail is hydrophobic.

Question 28

What are proteins?

Answer 28

they contain carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen, are involved in nearly every chemical reaction, and have highly variable functions (how its built determines function).

Question 29

What are the monomers in proteins?

Answer 29

amino acids, when bonded together via peptide bonds it creates polypeptide.

Question 30

What is the definition of a functioning protein?

Answer 30

polypeptide folded into a 3-D shape and they have 4 levels.

Question 31

What are the 4 structural levels of proteins?

Answer 31

1. chains of amino acids 2. alpha helix coil or beta pleated sheets 3. combining coils and sheets 4. taking multiple groups that one already combined to make a bigger structure

Question 32

What are structural proteins?

Answer 32

mechanical support

Question 33

What are enzyme proteins?

Answer 33

catalysis. protein enzymes are essential for virtually every biochemical reaction in the body.

Question 34

What are transport proteins?

Answer 34

moving substances (in blood or across plasma membranes).

Question 35

What are contractile proteins?

Answer 35

movement

Question 36

What are communication proteins?

Answer 36

transmitting signals between cells, and acts as chemical messengers.

Question 37

What are defensive proteins?

Answer 37

protect against disease.

Question 38

What do the enzymes end with?

Answer 38

ase

Question 39

What is the optimal pH level?

Answer 39

pH= power hydrogen

Question 40

What is the optimal body temperature?

Answer 40

98.6

Question 41

What is denaturing?

Answer 41

structures of protein fall apart at higher temperatures.

Question 42

What are coenzymes?

Answer 42

vitamins help chemical reactions.

Question 43

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 43

they contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous.

Question 44

What are the monomers in nucleic acids?

Answer 44

nucleotides

Question 45

What are the attributes of RNA?

Answer 45

they make proteins based on blueprint and single stranded.

Question 46

What are the attributes of DNA?

Answer 46

blueprints of genetic material and double stranded.

Question 47

What are the base pairing rules for RNA?

Answer 47

cytosine binds with guanine and adenine binds with uracil.

Question 48

What are the base pairing rules for DNA?

Answer 48

adenine binds with thymine and cytosine binds with guanine.

Question 49

What is a messenger rna?

Answer 49

saying what amino acids, we need to.

Question 50

What is a transfer rna?

Answer 50

getting the amino acids.

Question 51

What is a ribosomal rna?

Answer 51

assists in protein synthesis (building blocks).

Question 52

What is transcription in synthesis?

Answer 52

DNA information coded into mrna.

Question 53

What is translation in synthesis?

Answer 53

mrna decoded to assemble polypeptides.