cells Flashcards
What is cell theory?
basic unit of life, cells come from preexisting cells, all living things are made of cells, cells live independently (via organelles), but require others to function.
How many types of cells are there?
250
What do each cell contain?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus.
What are the cell shapes?
squamous (flat and thin), stellate (star like), cuboidal (cube like), columnar (column), fusiform (flat with wide middle), fibrous (long and skinny).
What is a double phospholipid bilayer?
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.
What does the integral proteins do?
span the membrane for transport, communication, and enzymes.
What does the peripheral proteins do?
sit on the surface of membrane for movement, enzymes, and communication.
What is glycocalyx?
identification tag (dna).
What are the characteristics of passive transport?
no energy required, substances move along concentration gradient, and move from high to low concentration.
Simple Diffusion
small particles moving easily through membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion
need help to pass through membrane (large particles).
Osmosis
solvent movement through membrane (usually water).
Active Transport
movement against the concentration gradient; requires energy.
Primary Active Transport
direct transport of solute.
Sodium/Potassium Pump
pumps 3 Na+ 2 K+ in and “atp” becomes “adp”
ATP
adenosine triphosphate, obtained by cellular respiration which breaks down glucose.
Secondary Active
solutes indirectly transported.
Cotransport
moving 2 solutes simultaneously.
Symport
same direction.
Antiport
opposite.
tonicity
measure of solute concentration.
Hypertonic
high concentration of solutes and causes cells to shrink (crenation).
Hypotonic
low concentration of solutes and causes cell to burst (cytolysis).
Isotonic
equal concentration.
