integumentary

Question 1

integumentary system

Answer 1

hair, skin, nails, and seveal tissue layers.

Question 2

layers of skin

Answer 2

epidermis (superficial), dermis (deep), and hypodermis (deepest).

Question 3

epidermis

Answer 3

avascular and keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 4

deep

Answer 4

mostly fibrous connective tissue and vascular tissue.

Question 5

hypodermis

Answer 5

technically not a layer of skin, but has many functions, mostly adipose connective tissue, and anchors skin to underlying structures (mostly muscle).

Question 6

stratum basale

Answer 6

deepest layer, attached to dermis, 10-25% of layer composed of melanocytes, merkel cells present here, and cells constantly undergoing mitosis.

Question 7

stratum spinosum

Answer 7

consists of keratinocytes, melanocytes, and dendritic cells.

Question 8

keratinocytes

Answer 8

cells that give skin its protective properties.

Question 9

dendritic cells

Answer 9

have immune functions

Question 10

stratum granulosum

Answer 10

keratinization begins here cells accumulate keratohyaline granules that form fibers.

Question 11

stratum lucidum

Answer 11

cells here die due to being far from dermal capillaries, consists of 2-3 rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes.

Question 12

stratum corneum

Answer 12

cells here die due to being for from dermal capillaries, protects deeper cells, prevents water loss, acts as a barrier from foreign substances.

Question 13

dermis

Answer 13

nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands, and has two layers.

Question 14

papillary

Answer 14

superficial consists of areolar connective tissue.

Question 15

dermal papillar

Answer 15

superficial region of dermis that sends fingerlike projections up into epidermis, projections contain capillaries, nerve endings, and touch receptors.

Question 16

friction ridges

Answer 16

enhance gripping ability and sense of touch.

Question 17

reticular

Answer 17

deep, about 80% of dermal thickness, consists of dense fibrous connective tissue, it provides strength, keeps skin hydrated.

Question 18

cutaneous plexus

Answer 18

network of blood vessels between reticular layer and hypodermis.

Question 19

hair papilla

Answer 19

dermal tissue containing a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to growing hair.

Question 20

hair matrix

Answer 20

actively dividing area of bulb that produces hair cells.

Question 21

outer/inner root sheath

Answer 21

ongoing keratinized process occurs here.

Question 22

hair bulbs

Answer 22

consists of everything mentioned above.

Question 23

arrector pili muscle

Answer 23

small band of smooth muscle attached to follicle.

Question 24

sebaceous gland

Answer 24

an oily substance that helps kill bacteria and softens hair and skin.

Question 25

hair shaft

Answer 25

keratinized is complete and sticks up and out of the skin.

Question 26

medulla

Answer 26

central core, contains large cells and air spaces for protection.

Question 27

cortex

Answer 27

middle layers of cells surrounding medulla.

Question 28

cuticle

Answer 28

outer layer of cells.

Question 29

nails

Answer 29

free edge, nail plate, and root.

Question 30

nail fold

Answer 30

skin fold that overlap border of nail.

Question 31

eponychium

Answer 31

nail fold that projects onto surface of nail body (cuticle).

Question 32

hyponychuim

Answer 32

area under free edge of plate that accumulates dirt.

Question 33

lunule

Answer 33

thickened nail matrix, appears white.