introduction to anatomy and physiology

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

study of the structure of the body

Question 2

What is gross anatomy?

Answer 2

structures visible to naked eye

Question 3

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 3

all structures in a particular body region (thoracic or pelvic)

Question 4

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 4

all structures within a body system (skeletal or endocrine)

Question 5

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 5

internal structures that are studied through via palpation (bones, veins, muscles)

Question 6

What is microscopic anatomy?

Answer 6

structures that can only be seen with the use of a microscope

Question 7

What is cytology?

Answer 7

study of cells

Question 8

What is histology?

Answer 8

study of tissues

Question 9

What is developmental anatomy?

Answer 9

changes in anatomical structure over the life span of human life, from zygote to old age

Question 10

What is embryology?

Answer 10

study of developing embryo

Question 11

What is physiology?

Answer 11

study of the function of the body, with emphasis at the cellular/molecular level (chemistry)

Question 12

What are the levels of organization?

Answer 12

atoms, molecules, organelles, cell, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

Question 13

What is an atom?

Answer 13

smallest unit; everything is comprised of atoms

Question 14

What is a molecule?

Answer 14

stable groups of atoms, small molecules: monomers and larger molecules: polymers; four important organic polymers: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 15

What is an organelle?

Answer 15

“Little organ”; groups of molecules

Question 16

What is a cell?

Answer 16

composed of organelles, smallest unit of life

Question 17

What is a tissue?

Answer 17

groups of cells

Question 18

What is an organ?

Answer 18

groups of tissues

Question 19

What is an organ system?

Answer 19

groups of organs that work together, integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

Question 20

What is an organism?

Answer 20

groups of organ systems

Question 21

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 21

ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, respiration, excretion, movement, secretion, reproduction, irritability, egestion

Question 22

What is ingestion?

Answer 22

a supply of food to make energy

Question 23

What is digestion?

Answer 23

break large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 24

What is absorption?

Answer 24

molecules being transported through cell membranes

Question 25

What is assimilation?

Answer 25

make larger molecules from smaller molecules

Question 26

What is respiration?

Answer 26

the release of chemical energy (atp) from molecules

Question 27

What is excretion?

Answer 27

getting rid of waste products created by metabolic activities

Question 28

What is movement?

Answer 28

releases energy and allows for manipulation

Question 29

What is secretion?

Answer 29

production of hormones, vitamins, saliva, etc, they are not waste products

Question 30

What is reproduction?

Answer 30

necessary for continuation of a species, but not for an individual

Question 31

What is irritability?

Answer 31

ability to be aware of and react to internal/external stimuli

Question 32

What is egestion?

Answer 32

ability to emit undigestible materials from a cell

Question 33

What is homeostasis?

Answer 33

the ability to maintain constant internal conditions

Question 34

What is a sensory receptor?

Answer 34

senses stimulus; sight, touch, hearing

Question 35

What is control center?

Answer 35

processes appropriate response, consists of spinal cord and brain

Question 36

What is an effector?

Answer 36

response to stimulus, via feedback systems that turn body processes on/off

Question 37

What is a negative feedback system?

Answer 37

most common system, output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus when levels reach an "ideal" value (think of gas pump shutting off)

Question 38

What is a positive feedback system?

Answer 38

the initial response enhances the original stimulus so that further responses are amplified