Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Biology > BioChemistry > Flashcards

BioChemistry Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made of the same atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the subatomic particles

A

Neutron, electron, Proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an atom

A

Smallest unit of a compound or element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 facts of electrons

A
  • Outside nucleus-Unless otherwise stated, # of Proton = # of electron- Potential energy of electron increases as the distance form the nucleus increases-Electrons orbit in energy levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Valence electrons

A

of electrons to fill outer shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define electronegativity

A

measure of atoms ability to pull electrons toward its nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ionic bond Def

A

Bond that steals electrons from the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of Covalent bonds

A

Non polar covalent, Polar covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define non polar covalent bond

A

Bond between 2 electronegative atoms ( O - O )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define polar covalent bond

A

Slightly different electronegative properties of two different atoms allowing the formation of a + end and a - end (H2O) This is called a Dipole*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Protein Function

A

Repair cells, help immune system, and repair muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged atom (H)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anion

A

negativity charged atom (O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ion

A

charged atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrogen bond def

A

an attraction between two oppositely charge atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cohesion

A

H2O bond to other water molocules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What properties of water allow life to exist on earth

A

-H2O is less dense as ice than it is as water-** Universal solvent-**Cohesion chains (goes up a plant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid dissolving something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adhesion

A

H2O bond to other surfaces than water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are organic molocules

A

Any carbon and hydrogen compound with the exception of CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does pH stand for and what does it mesure

A

the parts per Hydrogen measures the acidity of something (H is acidic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

To have a BYPRODUCT of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Water used to break a bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Carbohydrate facts

A
  • monomer ratio is CH2O (1:2:1)-Monomers are called monosaccharides-Categorized by # of Carbons-end in -ose-Maltose made from glucose + glucose- Lactose = Glucose + Galactose-Sucrose = Fructose + Glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ribose function
make up nucleotide based proteins
26
Deoxyribose function
make up hereditary information
27
Examples of Hexose
Glucose, Galactose, fructose, etc.
28
Hexose
-immediate source of energy (ATP)-ability to diffuse through cell membrane
29
Isomers facts
Different shapes give different properties
30
Disaccharides
a combination of two monosaccharides formed by dehydration synthesis, digested through hydrolysis
31
What is a general formula
a reversible chemical formula
32
Examples of disaccharides
sucrose, lactose
33
Polysaccharide
-a long chain of monomers like starch-Insoluble in water-do not pass through cell membrane-made purely form glucose-Storage molecules or structural sugars-Iodine is the indicator
34
Examples of Polysaccharides
Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose, AMYLOSE(energy storage in plants)
35
Function of Cellulose
Fiber/roughage
36
Lipid
a non polar fat
37
Lipid function
store long term energy 9 cal/gram, cushions organs
38
side effects of lipids
too much = heart disease, atherosclerosis (hardened arteries)
39
Glycerol Function
3 carbon alcohol used as a backbone in lipid synthesis
40
Fatty acid components
composed of a carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon chain
41
Saturated FA vs. Unsaturated FA
Saturated: - no C=C - Solid @ room tempUnsaturated: - one or more C=C - liquid @ room temp
42
Phospholipid
made of a phosphate group (polar), glycerol, FA (polar)
43
Phospholipid properties
Used in cell membranes, polar head, non polar tails
44
What is emulsifier
A substance that stabilizes two liquids to make them mix together
45
Lipid bilayer
2 lipid layers around organelles
46
Wax examples
Cutin- outside of leaves to prevent evaporation
47
Steroids
- Cortisone- decrease inflammation in joints- ends in -one- four ring structure
48
Cholesterol
- main steroid in cell membranes, pushes phospholipids apart- allows nutrients to pass through the cell- causes heart disease
49
Protein atoms
C, H, O, N
50
protein monomers
amino acids
51
3 different groups of a protein
amine, carboxyl, R
52
Essential vs nonessential amino acids
essential must be eatennonessential can be produced in the liver
53
Where do plants get nitrogen
The soil
54
How do plants get amino acids
Amination synthesizes **CHO skeletons into Glutamate and Glutamine**
55
How are AA produced in humans
The process is called Transamination and it moves amine groups to their proper locations
56
How are extra AA processed
The process of Deamination allows for the removal of the amine groups and converting it into Urea, happens in the liver
57
Immune AA
antibodies
58
amino acid bond
dipeptide bond
59
Digestive AA
used to break foods down to then be absorbed by the intestines
60
many AA bond
polypeptide bond/protein
61
Primary protein structure
sequence of AA
62
Secondary protein structure
determines the sequence of H bonds
63
Tertiary protein structure
Chain of pleated sheets and alpha helix
64
Quaternary protein structure
multiple AA chain, **hydrophobic core, hydrophilic on the outside**
65
how are proteins used in cells
they can be turned into Glycogen or be used in cellular respiration
66
To change Primary protein structure
you need a mutation
67
changed order of Primary protein structure
changed function
68
Pleated sheets are _______ compared to ________ alpha helixes
Fibrous, Globular
69
Alpha helixes are held by _____________ ___________
hydrogen bonds
70
how many cal/gram in protein
4 cal/gram

AP Biology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions