Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is the equation of photosynthesis?

Answer 1

6CO2 + 6H20 ——-photons—–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 2

Where do the photons enter through the leaf?

Answer 2

They enter through the waxy cuticle of a leaf called the cuticle

Question 3

What does the cuticle do?

Answer 3

Prevents H2O loss of surface of leaf. (Evaporation/transport H2O from surface)

Question 4

What does the epidermis do?

Answer 4

Protects internal tissue of the leaf

Question 5

Why is the palisade layer important?

Answer 5

It has lots of chlorophyll in chloroplast. Having more photosynthetic reactions

Question 6

Where does the gas exchange between CO2 and O2 happen?

Answer 6

It has in the Spongy layer or spongy mesophyll as it is loosely compacted.

Question 7

What are the functions of the guard cells?

Answer 7

It opens and closes for CO2 to enter and O2 to exit
It regulates the stomata opening

Question 8

What does the stomata do?

Answer 8

It allows CO2 to enter and O2 to exit, between the guard cells

Question 9

What happens as more water gets in the guard cell?

Answer 9

The guard cell becomes turgid and gives space for the stomata to open

Question 10

What happens as water leaves the guard cell?

Answer 10

The guard cells become flaccid and becomes smaller, making the stomata not entirely, but almost close.

Question 11

Where does photosynthesis occur mostly?

Answer 11

Stems and leaves of autotrophs.

THE BASE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS THE PALISADE LAYER

Autotrophs ~Animals that make their own food

Question 12

What does the chloroplast do?

Answer 12

Accepts photons(light energy) to take the energy to the thylakoids.

MAKES GLUCOSE

Question 13

What is the stroma?

Answer 13

The fluid around the grana.

Question 14

Where does chlorophyll absorb light energy?

Answer 14

In the thylakoid membrane

Question 15

What is the goal for the light dependent reactions?

Answer 15

To transform light energy into ATP + NADPH ☀️

Question 16

How does the photons get to Chlorophyll A

Answer 16

It will bounce of accesorypigments and eventually get to the middle where chlorophyll A is.

Question 17

What is the final H+ acceptor in light reactions

Answer 17

NADP+ accepts H+ to turn into NADPH+

Question 18

What is NADP+?

Answer 18

NADP+ is an enzyme that accepts electrons/H+ ions at the end of the light reactions

Question 19

Where does NADPH and ATP go after the light RXN?

Answer 19

They go to the Calvin’s Cycle

Question 20

What does H2O(water) do to give electrons to chlorophyll A to repeat the light reactions?

Answer 20

Water splits into O2 and H+ also called Photolysis, it will take electrons from the H+ (Hydorgen Ions)

Question 21

Where does the light reactions start?

Answer 21

In photosystem 2

Question 22

After the electrons get excited where do they go?

Answer 22

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Question 23

H+ ions travel from ____ to ____

Answer 23

H+ ions travel from ** Stroma** to Thylakoid Space

Question 24

What 2 colors absorb the most photosynthesis rate?

Answer 24

Red and Blue
NOTE: REMEMBER VIBGYOR

Question 25

What 2 colors absorb the least photosynthesis rate? Reflected.

Answer 25

Yellow and green

Question 26

What does ATP synthase do?

Answer 26

Makes ATP from H+ from the proton motive force, conc. grad.

Question 27

When water splits what does it make? Exact Number.

Answer 27

1/2 of O2 and 2 H+

Question 28

Where does the light reactions occur?

Answer 28

In the chloroplast between the stroma and Thylakoid space.

Question 29

When electrons go down the "stairs" what reactions take place?

Answer 29

Redox Reactions- oxidation-phosphorylation ~(transfer of electrons through chemical species)

Question 30

What does the calvin cycle do to make glucose?

Answer 30

It goes through Carbon fixation and reduction through dark rxn to make glucose. MAKES 2 PGAL CO2 gets reduced by Dark Reactions

Question 31

Calvin cycle goes 2 times to make what?

Answer 31

PGAL. 2 PGAL's make 1 glucose, so calvin cycle occurs 2 times.

Question 32

As G3P leaves RuBP what happens in between?

Answer 32

3 ATP's drop of a Phosphate group and become 3 ADP Releases 1 PGAL or G3P

Question 33

PGAL X 2 = ?

Answer 33

Glucose.

Question 34

What is stage 3 of the calvin cycle?

Answer 34

the regeneration ribulose

Question 35

What does ribulose and CO2 do to start the cycle

Answer 35

They merge together to make RuBisCO ~ the most abundant enzyme on earth.

Question 36

What does Xylem do?

Answer 36

Lets water go up to the leaves by cohesion and adhesion

Question 37

What does the phloem do?

Answer 37

Passes nutrients down to the roots