Endocrine

Question 1

What is Glucagon

Answer 1

A hormone that increases blood sugar

Question 2

What is Glycogen

Answer 2

A polysaccharide that is made from excess glucose

Question 3

What is Insulin

Answer 3

A hormone that decreases blood sugar

Question 3

How does Insulin work

Answer 3

It allows glucose to enter a cell

Question 3

Where is excess glucose stored

Answer 3

Muscle + Liver

Question 4

How long is excess glucose stored

Answer 4

24 hours max

Question 5

Name all of the endocrine glands + their function

Answer 5

• Pineal Gland (melatonin for sleep)
• Pituitary Gland (many hormones + growth hormone)
• Thyroid gland (Thyroxin/metabolism)
• Adrenal glands (Adrenaline)
• Pancreas (Insulin/glucagon)
• Ovary/Testes (Estrogen/Testosterone)

Question 6

What is the Pituitary gland’s job

Answer 6

to instruct other glands to perform their functions and to release growth hormone + other hormones

Question 7

What is Giantism/Dwarfism

Answer 7

Too much or little growth hormone

Question 8

How does a hormone communicate with a cell?

Answer 8

It connects to the receptors of specific target cells

Question 9

What does the Endocrine gland’s goal?

Answer 9

To maintain homeostasis

Question 10

How does is a target cell determined

Answer 10

Based on the shape of its receptors, it defines its ability to connect with a specific hormone. Think of enzymes or immunoglobulins

Question 11

What does Thyroxin do

Answer 11

Regulates chemical reactions rate within the body. Function is to maintain homeostasis

Question 12

What causes Goiter and what does Goiter cause

Answer 12

An enlargement of the thyroid gland, stopping thyroxin production. Caused by a lack of iodine

Question 13

What is Type II diabetes

Answer 13

The body makes less insulin than it used to and becomes more resistant to insulin, causing blood sugar to become unregulated

Question 14

What is Type I diabetes

Answer 14

Immune system attacks beta cells and stops Insulin production

Question 15

What is another name of Type I and Type II diabetes

Answer 15

Juvenile Diabetes/Adult Diabetes

Question 16

When does the body become almost completely resistant to insulin in Type II diabetes

Answer 16

Adulthood

Question 17

What are some of the effects of diabetes

Answer 17

• Uncontrolled blood sugar
• Cardiovascular damage
• Nerve Damage
• Kidney Damage
• Eye Damage
• Foot Damage

Question 18

What are the two feedback mechanisms

Answer 18

Positive and negative

Question 19

Where are the alpha and beta cells located in the pancreas

Answer 19

The Islet of Langerhans

Question 20

What do the alpha cells do?

Answer 20

produce glucagon

Question 21

What is positive feedback

Answer 21

Constant increase of hormone until stimulus is gone

Question 22

What is negative feedback

Answer 22

A feedback system that stimulates or inhibits the release of hormone based on the stimulus. Think of an oscillating cycle. One causes the other.

Question 23

Give an example of Positive feedback

Answer 23

- During labor, positive feedback causes contractions to occur - fruit ripening - Clot formation - Menstrual cycle

Question 24

Give an example of Negative feedback

Answer 24

- Body temperature - Blood sugar management

Question 25

Is the release of Glucagon and Insulin positive or negative feedback

Answer 25

Both are Negative feedback loops

Question 26

What area of the brain controls hormone release?

Answer 26

Hypothalamus and the Pituitary gland

Question 27

What does the Hypothalamus do

Answer 27

it controls the Pituitary gland and the release of hormone. Also known as the Master Gland

Question 28

What does the Pituitary gland do

Answer 28

It controls the release of many hormones. Most notably, growth hormone.

Question 29

Which part of the autonomic nervous system controls the release of glycogen and glucose from the liver?

Answer 29

Sympathetic

Question 30

Which part of the autonomic nervous system controls the release of Insulin and Glucagon from the pancreas?

Answer 30

Parasympathetic

Question 31

How does Glucagon work?

Answer 31

Glucagon breaks down the polysaccharide, Glycogen, into glucose and allows it to enter the cell so energy can be provided