Mitosis and Meiosos

Question 1

What is mitosis

Answer 1

Mitosis is a process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 2

What is meiosis?

Answer 2

Meiosis is a type of cell division during which a single cell divides twice and produces four daughter cells.

Question 3

Why are cells so small?

Answer 3

Cells are so small because they need to be able to get the nutrients in and the waste out quickly.

Question 4

What is Asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent.

Question 5

Which type of reproduction makes clones?

Answer 5

Asexual reporduction

Question 6

Cell Theory

Answer 6

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 7

What are the women and mens gamete cells?

Answer 7

Men - Sperm
Women - Egg

Question 8

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 8

Sexual reproduction occurs when the sperm from the male parent fertilizes an egg from the female parent, producing an offspring that is genetically different from both parents.

Question 9

What is diploid?

Answer 9

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 10

What is haploid?

Answer 10

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
A CELL THAT HAS ONLY ONE COPY OF EACH CHROM.

Question 11

How many chromosome do humans have?

Answer 11

Humans have 46 chromosomes

Question 12

Where do humans get their chromosomes from?

Answer 12

Humans get 23 from each parent (mother and father)

Question 13

What are genes?

Answer 13

Genes keep coded information in the form of DNA to make a protein

Question 14

What are alleles?

Answer 14

Alleles are variations of genes, leading to diverse traits such as eye color.

Question 15

Where does mitosis occur?

Answer 15

Inside the somatic cells

Question 16

What is mitosis interphase?

Answer 16

Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle. This is when the cell grows and copies its DNA before moving into mitosis. During mitosis, chromosomes will align, separate, and move into new daughter cells.

Question 17

What is mitosis prophase?

Answer 17

Chromosomes condense and start to become visible. Spindle fibers begin to form. Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 18

What is mitosis metaphase?

Answer 18

Sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell on the metaphase plate.

Question 19

What is mitosis anaphase?

Answer 19

Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and pull them apart to the opposite poles

Question 20

What is mitosis telophase?

Answer 20

Nuclear envelope starts to re-form around the chromosomes. 2 new cells start to form

Question 21

What is mitosis cytokinesis?

Answer 21

In plant cells - Cell plate ~ forms cell wall
In animal cells - Membrane starts to pinch in

Question 22

What is G1?

Answer 22

Where the growth of organelles happen ~ doubling organelles.
normal metabolic roles.

Question 23

What is G2?

Answer 23

Growth and preparation for mitosis ~ increase protein - doubling cytoplasm

Question 24

What is G0?

Answer 24

Nerve never divide go through mitosis.
Teacher

Basic cellular function
-Google

Question 25

What is S phase?

Answer 25

DNA replication takes place during this phase.

Question 26

What are the gonads?

Answer 26

The ovaries and testes

Question 27

Where does the making of gametes take place?

Answer 27

In the gonads

Question 28

How many chromosomes do human sex cells have?

Answer 28

23 chromosomes.

Question 29

Is the egg and sperm haploid or diploid?

Answer 29

Haploid.

Question 30

How many cell divisions does 1 parent cell go through?

Answer 30

2 cell divisions to make 4 daughter cells.

Question 31

What happens in meiosis 1?

Answer 31

In meiosis 1, the cell consists of 4 chromosomes which are then reporduced into 2 cells with 2 chromosomes in each

Question 32

What happens in interphase 1? - Meiosis

Answer 32

Metabolic activities and replicates chromosomes. - like mitosis

Question 33

What happens in prophase 1?- Meiosis

Answer 33

- Synapsis ~ pairing of homologous pairs

Question 34

Karyotype

Answer 34

- Photograph of chromosomes - look for chrom. abnormalities

Question 35

What are homologous pairs?

Answer 35

Chromosome pairs, that look same in size and have same genes and centriole location

Question 36

Why is meiosis prophase 1 significant?

Answer 36

When the homologous pairs come together, they crossover, swapping genes for more VARIATION .

Question 37

What happens in metaphase 1?- Meiosis

Answer 37

When the homologous pairs line up on the metaplate.

Question 38

What happens in anaphase 1?- Meiosis

Answer 38

Separates the Homologous chromosomes and are pulled to the poles. Law of segregation.

Question 39

Why is it important for chromosome not to split up like mitosis ~ meiosis?

Answer 39

Reduce chromosome number in 1/2

Question 40

What happens in telophase 1?- Meiosis

Answer 40

New cells are formed with 2 chromosomes in each.

Question 41

What happens in Meiosis 2?

Answer 41

The parent cell is divided into 4 daughter cells with 1 chromasome in each

Question 42

What happens in interphase 2?- Meiosis

Answer 42

Trick question ~ it doesn't happen :)

Question 43

What happens in prophase 2?- Meiosis

Answer 43

No paring of chromosomes, as no homologous pairs.

Question 44

What happens in metaphase 2?- Meiosis

Answer 44

Chromosomes line up in the middle at the meta plate

Question 45

What happens in anaphase 2?- Meiosis

Answer 45

Sister chromatids move to the opposite ends of the cells

Question 46

What happens in telophase 2?- Meiosis

Answer 46

4 new cells are formed with 1 daughter chromatid in each.

Question 47

What is gametogenesis?

Answer 47

Making of gametes (sex cells) sperm and egg

Question 48

What is spermatogenesis

Answer 48

The making of sperm that happens in egg

Question 49

What is oogenesis?

Answer 49

Making of the ovum or egg

Question 50

What is the ovum

Answer 50

Ovum is just another word for egg

Question 51

Meiosis 2 will only happen under WHAT condition

Answer 51

It only happens if the egg is fertilized.

Question 52

How many sperms are made daily?

Answer 52

200-300 million

Question 53

What happens if fertilization does not take place?

Answer 53

The egg will shed with menstral cycle

Question 54

What is a zygote?

Answer 54

A zyogte is a sperm + an egg..

Question 55

What is ovulation?

Answer 55

egg is released from ovary

Question 56

What triggers cell division?

Answer 56

Growth factors by binding to the plasm membrane and trggering signals

Question 57

What do checkpoints in interphase do?

Answer 57

Check for cell abnormalities and defects

Question 58

Where are the 3 checkpoints?

Answer 58

End of G2, end of M, and 3/4 down G1

Question 59

What is cancer

Answer 59

Cancer is a growth disorder of cells.

Question 60

How does cancer occur?

Answer 60

Cancer occurs because of tumors

Question 61

What are tumors?

Answer 61

A cluster of cells that grow constantly

Question 62

What is a monosomy?

Answer 62

One chromosome missing

Question 63

What is a trisomy?

Answer 63

1 extra chrom. that leads to down syndrome

Question 64

What is a polyploidy

Answer 64

Instead of 2n, you might have 3n or 4n 3n = steril 4n=plants

Question 65

Addition

Answer 65

The adding of extra genes

Question 66

Deletion

Answer 66

The removal of genes