Digestive

Question 1

What is the main source of energy for the body?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Name the 2 types of starch (Plant + Animal)

Answer 2

Amylase (Plant)
Glycogen (Animal)

Question 3

Name a form of fiber.

Answer 3

Cellulose

Question 4

Why do humans eat fiber?

Answer 4

It helps with the passing of waste (poo)

Question 5

Name the 5 types of nutrients humans need.

Answer 5

• Carbs
• Protein
• Lipids
• Minerals
• Vitamins

Question 6

What type of energy do fats provide?

Answer 6

Long-term energy

Question 7

What type of energy do carbohydrates provide?

Answer 7

Short-term energy

Question 8

How long do carbs remain in the human body?

Answer 8

24 hours

Question 9

Where are stored carbs in the body?

Answer 9

Liver + muscle cells (in the vacuole of the cell)

Question 10

How are starches broken down in the body?

Answer 10

Via hydrolysis

Question 11

Why are proteins important?

Answer 11

They allow for the synthesis of functional and structural macromolecules

Question 12

How many types of amino acids does your body need?

Answer 12

20

Question 13

How many amino acids does the body make?

Answer 13

11

Question 14

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 14

8 amino acids required for homeostasis that must be eaten.

Question 15

What is wrong with a plant-based diet?

Answer 15

The amino acid profile is incomplete, meaning that it is difficult to get all 8 amino acids.

Question 16

What are the two types of fat and what differentiates them?

Answer 16

• Saturated Fat
• Unsaturated fat
  
  • has a C=C

Question 17

What do minerals do?

Answer 17

They are essential compounds needed in small amounts for metabolic processes

Question 18

What do vitamins do?

Answer 18

Vitamins are organic materials used to aid digestive enzymes.

Question 19

What are the 3 components of a amino acid?

Answer 19

• Amine group
• Carboxyl group
• R group (determines the amino acid)

Question 20

What is the purpose of Lipids

Answer 20

To aid cellular membrane flexibility, provide energy, and insulation

Question 21

What is ingestion?

Answer 21

To eat something or take in food

Question 22

What is digestion?

Answer 22

The process of breaking down food.

Question 23

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 23

Mechanical and Chemical digestion

Question 24

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 24

The process in which food is broken down by chewing, compressing, and physical manipulation.

Question 25

What is chemical digestion

Answer 25

Process when food is broken down via chemicals; Pepsin,stomach acid,-ase

Question 26

Absorption

Answer 26

Diffusion of end products by body cells

Question 27

What do organs and glands secrete?

Answer 27

Enzymes

Question 28

Exocrine

Answer 28

Gland that make digestive enzymes like sweat,tears,saliva,etc.

Question 29

Gastrointestinal Tract other name + function

Answer 29

- Alimentary Canal - Organs that food travel through

Question 30

Accessory glands

Answer 30

Salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

Question 31

Peristalsis

Answer 31

Process in which food is pushed along by rhythmic contractions of muscle in the wall of the digestive canal

Question 32

Teeth function

Answer 32

chew and breakdown the food mechanically, increasing surface area

Question 33

Salivary glands

Answer 33

secrete amylase to start chemical digestion of starch

Question 34

Esophagus

Answer 34

pushes food from the pharynx to stomach by peristalsis

Question 35

Stomach function+name of the digested food

Answer 35

secretes hydrochloric acid and pepsin which converts food into chyme (food+acid)

Question 36

Pepsin

Answer 36

A stomach enzyme that digests proteins in ingested food

Question 37

Gastric Ulcers

Answer 37

sores in the lining of the stomach caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori

Question 38

Small intestine

Answer 38

major organ for absorption and digestion Contains villi to help digestion and absorbtion

Question 39

Duodenum

Answer 39

first portion of the small intestine, it mixes acidic chyme from the stomach with bile, pancreatic enzymes and enzymes released by small intestine

Question 40

What 2 functions does the pancreas have?

Answer 40

exocrine and endocrine

Question 41

endocrine

Answer 41

Release insulin and glucagon into circulatory syste to control blood glucose(sugar) level

Question 42

Insulin function

Answer 42

decrease blood sugar

Question 43

glucagon function

Answer 43

increase blood sugar when not eating, stored sugar

Question 44

Both the pancreas functions :

Answer 44

1. Releases bicarbonate to neutralize the acid chyme that enters the small intestine 2.Release enzymes to help further digestion of all nutrients

Question 45

What does the liver do?

Answer 45

Produces bile

Question 46

Gallbladder function

Answer 46

stores the bile produced by the liver

Question 47

Bile function

Answer 47

Emulsify fats, increasing surface area, increasing enzymes ability to act on fat droplets and improve absorption

Question 48

Villi

Answer 48

finger like projections covered with microvilli, absorbs all nutrient + end products

Question 49

Large intestine (colon) function

Answer 49

Absorb water that has entered the gastriental tract

Question 50

Where is feces stored

Answer 50

In the rectum until it exits, egested via the anus

Question 51

What does the colon house?

Answer 51

Bacteria, e coli, and they live in a mutual, symbiotic relationship within us, Vitamin K + Vitamin B

Question 52

Constipation

Answer 52

Too much water is absorbed by the large intestine

Question 53

Diarrhea

Answer 53

Not enough water absorbed by the large intestine

Question 54

Crohn's disease

Answer 54

inflammation of large intestine/ small also

Question 55

Heartburn/acid reflux

Answer 55

The esophagus relaxes at the wrong time allowing acid to go up it