Nervous

Question 1

What does the Nervous System do?

Answer 1

Regulates/Controls all body processes + Maintains Homeostasis

Question 2

The 2 main categories of the Nervous System

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System(PNS) and Central Nervous System(CNS)

Question 3

What makes up the CNS

Answer 3

Brain + Spinal Cord

Question 4

What makes up the PNS

Answer 4

All the nerves other than the Brain + Spinal Cord

Question 5

What is the main characteristic of the Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 5

A fight or flight response; in times of stress
increases heart rate, breathing, adrenaline, decreases digestion and thought processes

Question 6

What is the main characteristic of the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 6

“rest and digest”, in times of peace/calm
decreases adrenaline, heart rate, breathing, increases memory, thought processes, and digestion

Question 7

What does the Cerebrum control

Answer 7

Voluntary activity, interprets sensory impulses, motor control, thinking, etc

Question 8

What does the Cerebellum control

Answer 8

Balance + Motor Coordination
Homeostasis

Question 9

What does the the Medulla control

Answer 9

Involuntary activity(heartbeat, breathing, blood flow, digestion, etc.)

Question 10

What does the Hypothalamus control + what does it release

Answer 10

“Master gland”
Releases “releasing factors”(chemicals), controls the Pituitary Gland

Question 11

What does the Pituitary gland do

Answer 11

releases hormones such as growth hormone, follicle stimulated hormone, etc.

Question 12

What is the spinal cord

Answer 12

A hollow tube composed of nerve fibers that carry impulses to and from the brain

Question 13

What is the functional unit of nerves called

Answer 13

Neurons(Nerve Cells)

Question 14

What do Neurons do

Answer 14

detect stimuli and send impulse down neuron/nerves

Question 15

What are the parts of a Neuron

Answer 15

Cell Body
Dendrites
Axon
Terminal Branches
Myelin Sheath
Synapse(technically not a part but still important to function)

Question 16

What does the cell body of a Neuron do

Answer 16

Control activities of the neuron

Question 17

What are Dendrites

Answer 17

Fibers that detect stimuli from environment + other neurons

Question 18

What is the Axon

Answer 18

Carries messages from Cell body to Terminal Branches

Question 19

What are the Terminal Branches

Answer 19

Branches that send the signal/message to the next neuron or muscle

Question 20

What is the Myelin Sheath

Answer 20

A coating around the axon made of myelin cells
Prevents signal from shorting out & speeds up transmission

Question 21

What are neurotransmitters

Answer 21

Chemicals that travel from neuron to neuron to send a message

Question 22

Explain in detail how a signal travels thru a neuron

Answer 22

First, a chemical signal is picked up by a dendrite (branched to increase surface area), then the signal travels to the soma (nucleus body) and goes thru the axon. This signal is now electrical and the axon releases K+ ions and takes in Na+ for an electrical charge to form. Then, the axon terminal is reached where the signal is then chemical and thru exocytosis, chemicals are released, and travel thru the synapse and communicate with the next neuron.

Question 22

what is the synapse

Answer 22

the gap junction between a axon terminal and the dendrites

Question 23

What is a synapse

Answer 23

A gap/space between nerve cells(or between nerve and muscle)
1st neuron releases chemical called a neurotransmitter, converts into a electrical signal

Question 24

How does a signal travel thru the myelin sheath

Answer 24

The signal jumps from sheath to sheath, causing the signal to travel at 330 miles per hour than 11 miles per hour without a myelin sheath

Question 25

Where do drugs affect the nervous system

Answer 25

The synapses

Question 26

How do signals travel into and between neurons

Answer 26

Diffusion, bind to receptors on the next neuron

Question 27

Explain in detail how a stimulus is reacted upon by different neurons

Answer 27

First, sensory neurons, found everywhere in the body, communicate what the stimulus is with neurotransmitters to interneurons, (Part of the CNS), that report to the brain, via the spinal cord, and a signal comes back and a signal goes to the PNS to the motor neurons to create a response by relaxing or contracting skeletal muscle.

Question 28

What are glial cells

Answer 28

They are cells that wrap around the axon of the neuron and also produce a myelin membrane around them

Question 29

What are reflexes

Answer 29

a reaction to a stimulus without being thought about. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for this

Question 30

Is it active transport or diffusion that powers the movement of neurotransmitters

Answer 30

it is diffusion

Question 31

What is a reflex

Answer 31

A reaction to a stimulus that doesn't require conscious thought

Question 32

Does a reflex message go to the brain

Answer 32

No, it travels between the PNS and Spinal Cord(Spinal Reflex Arc)

Question 33

What are the 3 types of neurons

Answer 33

Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Motor Neuron

Question 34

What does the Sensory Neuron do

Answer 34

Detects stimulus, sends to CNS or spinal cord

Question 35

What does the Interneuron do

Answer 35

Acts as a relay between the Sensory neuron and the Motor Neuron

Question 36

What does the Motor Neuron do

Answer 36

Sends message to Skeletal Muscle Effector(Muscle or Gland) which moves the muscles

Question 37

What are the 6 steps of the reflex arc (path the signal travels)

Answer 37

1. Stimulus is introduced 2. Receptor detects stimulus 3. Sensory Neuron carries impulse to spinal cord 4. Interneuron 5. Motor Neuron carries message to Effector 6. Effector; controls muscle/moves the muscle

Question 38

Explain the reflex arc and its components

Answer 38

- stimulus - a change in the surrounding environment - Receptor - Detect change via the 5 senses - Sensory neurons (PNS that communicates with CNS) - carries impulse to the spinal cord - Interneurons (neurons of the CNS) - Located in the spinal cord between the sensory and motor neurons - Motor Neuron (PNS) - carries message away from the spinal cord - effector - muscle or gland connected to the motor neuron

Question 39

How are the Nervous and Endocrine system connected

Answer 39

The endocrine system works with the Nervous system to regulate the human body to maintain homeostasis by releasing hormones from various glands.

Question 40

What are the 3 parts of the brain

Answer 40

Forebrain, midbrain, and the hindbrain

Question 41

What is the midbrain responsible for

Answer 41

Vision and hearing

Question 42

What is the forebrain responsible for

Answer 42

learning, cognitive thinking, etc (voluntary action)

Question 43

what is the hindbrain responsible for?

Answer 43

Involuntary action