1. Prenatal diagnoses: beta thalassemia PKU 2. Dx of infection: TB,HIV 3. Forensic medicine

Biochemistry Flashcards by Anitha Roy

DNA replication occurs in…..phase

S/synthetic phase

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Bases in DNA (4)

Double helix structure is bonded together by …..

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Hydrogen bonds

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RNA differs from DNA in that ..(2)

Deoxyribose sugar of DNA is replaced by ribose moiety
Instead of thymine, uracil is present in RNA

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New synthesized strand is made in …

Restriction fragments can be analyzed using ….

5’-3’ direction

Gel electrophoresis

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What is cistrone?

Smallest fundamental unit of coding for DNA synthesis

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What is microsatellite sequence?

Short sequence repeats of DNA

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Protein binding to DNA contain ….

Fidelity enzyme in protein synthesis is ….

Zinc

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

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AMBER codon is…..codon

Transposons are ……

Termination codon

Jumping genes

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Abnormal purine bases are present in …..

Highest % of modified bases are present in…

tRNA

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Prokaryotic RNA is ….

Eukaryotic RNA is …..

70 s ( 30S & 50S)

80s (40 S & 60 S)

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Normal role of microRNA is …..

Splicing activity is a function of …..

Gene regulation

Sn-RNA

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Sigma subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase -function?

Specifically recognizes promoter site

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Diseases associated with mitochondrial RNA (2)

Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke like disorders- MELAS
Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers- MERRF syndrome

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Reverse transcriptase is ……

RNA dependent DNA polymerase

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6 characteristic of genetic code is (6)

Universal
Triplet
Non-overlapping
Non-punctuated
Exhibit wobbling
Degenerate- more than 1 codon can specify a single amino acid.

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Non-sense codon is ….

New codon is stop codon-usually non-functional

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Northern blot is …..

Microarray/ DNA chips : …….

FISH/ fluorescence in situ hybridization is ….

RNA

DNA sequencing

Rapid method of chromosome identification

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In PCR, oligonucleotides build copies of DNA using …..

Substances required for PCR (3)

Heat stable polymerase - Taq 1

2 primers
Taq polymerase
Magnesium

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Advantage of PCR (3)

Prenatal diagnoses: beta thalassemia
PKU
Dx of infection: TB,HIV
Forensic medicine

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Branched chain amino acid whose metabolism is abnormal in maple syrup urine disease …(2)

Valine
Isoleucine

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Essential amino acids

PVT TIM HaLL
Phenylalanine
Valine
Tyrosine
Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Leucine
Lysine

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Naturally occurring amino acids are ….

Most non polar amino acid is ….

Amino acid containing indole ring: ….

L-isomers

Leucine

Tryptophan

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Ammonia is detoxified in brain to …..

Creatinine is synthesized from …(3)

Glutamine

Glycine
Arginine
Methionine

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Buffering action of blood is due to ….

Histidine

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Quaternary structure of proteins are …

Spatial relationship between individual polypeptide chains

Secondary structure (alpha helix and beta sheet) is stabilized by ….

Hydrogen bonds

What is SDS page used for ?

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is used for Separation and purification of individual proteins based on their molecular mass

SDS page is used for determining …. Function of ion exchange chromatography

Molecular weight of protein Separates proteins on basis of their charge

Hemoglobin electrophoresis is done on basis of …. Molybdenum is a cofactor for ..(4)

Charge 1. Xanthine oxidase 2. DMSO reductase 3. Sulfite oxidase 4. Nitrate reductase

Enzyme activity is measured as …. In competitive inhibition, …….same,…..increases

Micromoles/min Vmax same Km increases

In non competitive inhibition …..same,…..decreases Coenzyme is …….

Km same Vmax decreases Non protein organic compounds

Abzyme is defined as ….. Ribozymes are defined as …..

Antibody with catalytic activity RNA molecules with catalytic activity

Km reflects ……in (michaelis menton) relationship

Affinity of enzymes to that substrate - inverse relationship

Fumarase belongs to …… Tyrosinase belongs to ….. Hexokinase belong to …..

Lyase Oxidase Transferase

1. Modified koopany’s test is done for …. 2. Guaicac test is done for ….. 3. Rothera’s test is done for …..

1. Barbiturates 2. Hematuria 3. Ketone bodies

Gerhardt’s test is done for ….. Molisch test is done for …..

Ketosis Sugar - color test

Millon test is done for ….. Sulkowitch test is done for ….. Biuret test is done for …..

Tyrosinosis Urinary calcium Protein

Features of vitamin A deficiency (3)

1. Night blindness 2. Xeropthalmia 3. Follicular hyperkeratosis

Vitamin that prevents oxidation Vitamin needed for gamma carboxylation Vitamin which is post translation modifier

Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin K

Wernicke’s korsakoff syndrome is associated with deficiency of ….. Consumption of egg may lead to deficiency of …..

Thiamine B1 Biotin

Extrinsic factor of Castle is ….. Scurvy is seen in deficiency of ….

Vitamin B12 Vitamin C

Enzyme related to vit B1 Transketolase is associated with ….

Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Thiamine B1

Enzyme related to biotin Amino transferases are associated with …..

Pyruvate carboxylase Pyridoxine

Haem in Hb lies in …….. Haem in Hb is bonded to …. Iron in Hb is present in ……

Hydrophobic pockets E7 Histidine Ferrous state

Iron in Hb is held by ….. Alpha2 gamma 2 is …..

Polar bonds HbF

Role of branching enzymes

Converts glucose to glycogen

GLUT 2 is found in cellular membraneS of (5)

1. Liver - primary 2. Pancreatic B cell - Primary 3. Hypothalamus- not overly significant 4. Basolateral and brush border membrane of small intestine 5. Basolateral membrane of renal tubular cells

Mature RBC lacks enzymes of ….cycle Cancer cells derives energy by …..

TCA cycle Anerobic glycolysis

Function of sodium fluoride

Anticoagulant added for estimating blood glucose ( added to prevent glycolysis)

Fluoride inhibits ….. Enzymes responsible for complete oxidation of glucose are present in ….

Enolase Mitochondria

Substances which can prevent glycolysis (2)

1. Potassium oxalate 2. Sodium fluoride

Glycolysis is regulated at (3)

1. Hexokinase 2. PFK 3. Pyruvate kinase

Gluconeogenesis occurs from ….amino acids (3) Muscle cannot make use of glycogen as they lack ……

Glycerol Alanine Lactate G-6-P

Most important enzyme involved in NADPH synthesis

G-6PD

Energy yield of stearic acid beta oxidation Energy yield of HMP shunt Energy yield of kreb’s cycle is ….

120 ATP 0 10 ATP

Energy yield of aerobic glycolysis Energy yield of anerobic glycolysis

7 ATP 2 ATP

Enzyme deficient in Von gierke’s disease Enzyme deficient in Anderson’s disease

G-6-P Branching enzyme

Enzyme deficient in mc ardle’s disease Lactic acid and hyperuricemia is a feature of …..

Muscle phosphorylase Von gierke’s disease

Muscles are not involved in ….disease Hypoglycemia, non responsive to epinephrine is a feature of ….disease

Von gierke’s disease Von gierke’s disease

Most common enzyme deficient in galactosemia Cataract occurs because of the accumulation of ……in galactosemia

Galactose -1-P uridyltransferase Galactilol/ dulcitol

In galactosemia, substance present in urine is …. Internal respiration is …..&…..

Reducing sugar Exoergic and catabolic

Mitochondrial membrane protein contain transporter of …(3) SGOT is a ……..enzyme

NAD NADPH ATP Mitochondrial enzyme

In ETC, FADH gives …..ATP Cyanide inhibits (3)

1.5 atp 1. Cytochrome oxidase 2. Complex 4 3. Cellular oxidation

Complex 4 is inhibited by ….(4)

1. cyanide 2. CO 3. Hydrogen sulphide 4. Azide

Uncoupler of oxidation and phosphorylation Mono saturated fatty acids (2)

Dinitrophenol 1. Oleic acid 2. Elaidic acid

Essential fatty acid (3) Most essential fatty acid is …..

1. Linoleic acid 2. Linolenic acid 3. Arachidonic acid Linoleic acid

Synthesis of fatty acid occurs in …. Reducing equivalents for fatty acid synthesis are provided by …

Cytosol NADPH

Rate limiting step of fatty acid synthesis Fatty acid synthase contains ….

Acetyl COA carboxylase Acyl carrier protein & pantothenic acid

Beta oxidation of odd chain FA produces …first …..final

Propionyl COA first Succinyl CoA final

Atp produced by beta oxidation of Palmitic acid is ….. Ketone bodies are formed in which organ…

106 ATP Liver

Ketone bodies are product of …. Ketone bodies are produced from ….

Fatty acid metabolism Acetyl CoA

Normal excretion of ketone bodies is …. Ketone bodies are utilized by conversion of …..

1mg/day Acetoacetate to acetoacetyl COA

Reduced/ absent lipoprotein levels in abetalipoproteinemia (3)

1. Chylomicrons 2. VLDL 3 LDL

Activator of lipoprotein lipase is ….. Apoprotein associated with HDL ..(2) Apo protein associated with LDL is ….

ApoC 2 Apo A1, Apo A2 ApoB100

Lipoprotein with highest exogenous TG content Apoproteins associated with chylomicrons

Chylomicrons ApoA1, Apo A2, Apo B48

Chylomicrons have least …… First 2 reactions of urea cycle occurs in ….

Electrophoretic mobility Mitochondria

Aconitase is inhibited by ….. Succinate DH is inhibited by …… Enolase is inhibited by ….

Fluoroacetate Malonate Fluoride

Pentosuria is a feature of …..

Defect in glucuronic acid oxidation pathway.

Apoprotein for cholesterol Building blocks for fatty acid biosynthesis

ApoE Acetyl CoA + NADPH

Function of LCAT Trace element needed for glutathione peroxidase

Conversion of cholesterol to cholesterol esters Selenium

Sideroblastic anemia is associated with deficiency of which vitamin Cofactor for PFK

B6/pyridoxine Magnesium

In sickle cell anemia, translocation on codon 6 is due to substitution of ….. Vitamin deficiency resulting in Casal’s necklace

Glutamate to valine Niacin

Amino acid that becomes essential in PKU End product of pyrimidine metabolism

Tyrosine Beta alanine

Rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis Hormone which inhibits ketogenesis

Acetyl CoA carboxylase Insulin

Most direct precursor of taurine Onchronosis is because of accumulation of ……

Cysteic acid Benzoquinone acetate

Enzyme deficient in essential pentosuria

Xylitol DH

Substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis (2)

Pyruvate kinase Phosphoglycerol kinase

Creatinine is formed from 3 amino acids Guthrie’s test is done for ……

Methionine Arginine Glycine PKU

Malonate inhibits …… enzyme Rate limiting step in uric acid synthesis is catalysed by …….

Succinate DH Xanthine oxidase

Enzyme deficient in Gaucher’s disease Function of chylomicrons

Beta glucosidase Transport exogenous TG

Element required for PFK Best indicator of protein quality

Magnesium Net protein utilization/NPU

Enzyme required for conversion of aldolase to sugar Reducing agents used in lipogenesis are derived from …..process

Phospho-trio-isomerase HMP shunt

Beta oxidation of FA produces ….. Relationship between lactate and epinephrine secretion with reference to blood sugar

Propionyl CoA Increased gluconeogenesis

In cancers, uric acid is high because….. Telomerase is …..

Hyperactive purine synthesis RNA dependent DNA polymerase - reverse transcriptase

Ehlrich’s test is done for ……

Urobilinogen and phosphobilinogen in urine

Benzidine test is done for ….. Apoprotein in LDL and VLDL is ….

Blood ApoB100

Major transporter of cholesterol in blood Lipoprotein absent in serum

LDL Chylomicrons

Rate limiting step in gluconeogenesis Rate limiting step in catecholamine synthesis

Pyruvate carboxylase Tyrosine hydroxylase

Secondary and tertiary structure of proteins are determined by ….method Primary structure of protein is formed by which bond

X ray crystallography Peptide bond

Level of HBA12 is increased in which disease Mineral known as glucose tolerance factor

Beta thalassemia trait Chromium

Only ketogenic amino acid are …. Cofactor for AKG DH

Leucine, lysine NAD

Amino acid used in carnitine synthesis Boiled cabbage or rancid butter smelling is a feature of ….

Lysine Tyrosinemia

FIGLU is an intermediate product of which amino acid

Histidine

Alpha oxidation of fatty acid takes place in …(2) Primary ketone body is …..

Mitochondria ER Acetoacetate

Arachnidonic acid is synthesized from …. Lactate produced by glycolysis is utilized by which cycle (2)

Linoleic acid Cori cycle TCA cycle

PFK is allosterically activated by …. Coenzyme for glycogen phosphorylase

Fructose 2-6 BP Pyridoxal phosphate

Plasminogen domain resembles ….. Chylomicron core is formed by …(2)

Apo A Triglyceride Cholesterol

Hemolysis on oxidation occurs due to deficiency of …… Cytochrome oxidase contains ….elements

G 6PD Iron and copper

Allosteric activator of acetylcoa carboxylase Activated pantothenic acid is found in …..

Biotin Coenzyme A

Hypervitaminosis A induces damage to which organelle Tertiary structure of protein is present in ….

Lysosomes Beta keratin

RNA polymerase recognizes…….site Dna microarrays allow detection of gene mutations using …..

Promoter site Hybridization

Peptidyl transferase is an Eg of ….. Shine Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes is associated with ……

Ribozyme Translation

Which cycle is responsible for maintaining integrity of RBC membrane Thiamine is essential for which enzyme

HMP shunt Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Citrate to cis-aconitase conversion is inhibited by …… A codon codes for single amino acid. This is known as …..

Fluoroacetate Unambiguous

Which substance allosterically inhibits pyruvate DH? Reason for ketosis in starvation

NADH Increased beta oxidation

Glutathione consist of 3 amino acids

Cysteine Glutamate Glycine

Which technique is used for monitoring of DNA denaturation in vitro? Which amino acid contains sulfhydryl groups as side chains ?

UV absorption Cysteine

Which is the most popular acceptable theory for oxidation phosphorylation? Maximum energy is liberated by hydrolysis of….

Chemiosmotic theory PEP

NAD+ linked DH is …. Lipoprotein increased in lipoprotein lipase deficiency

PDH Chylomicrons

Citrullinemia is due to deficiency of which enzyme? Which vitamin is involved in decarboxylation?

Arginosuccinate synthase Pyridoxine

AST/ALT > 2 occurs in deficiency of which enzyme ? Mineral required for cholesterol biosynthesis

Acid maltase Magnesium

Product formed by rate limiting step of fatty acid synthesis Retina is completely dependent on ……as fuel

Malonyl CoA Glucose

Which bond is preserved during denaturation of proteins? Study of multiplication of proteins in disease process is known as …..

Peptide bond Proteomics

Complimentary RNA sequence of 5’ AGTCTGACT 3’

5’ UCAGACUGA 3’

A molecule used to direct the presence of specific fragment of DNA or RNA

Probe

Acetyl CoA carboxylase enzyme is present in which part of cell Which amino acid bonds NH4+ covalently and makes it non toxic for transportation?

Cytosol and mitochondria Glutamate

Alcohol causes hypoglycemia due to …. Histidine to histamine conversion is what type of reaction?

Decreased gluconeogenesis Decarboxylation

Glutathione is maintained in reduced state by help of …. Nucleosome core is made of ….organelle

HMP shunt Histones

Amino acid required for transfer of 1 carbon unit CPS-1 acts on which substance

Folic acid Co2 and ammonia

Trace metal needed by glutathione synthetase Heme is synthesised from which substances

Magnesium Glycine + succinyl Coa

According to IUB classification of enzymes, 4th digit in enzyme refers to ….. Cholesterol ester transfer protein transport cholesterol from HDL to …..

Individual enzymes VLDL

Uronic acid pathway is important for formation of …….. Mc glucogenic amino acid transported to the liver is …..

Glycosaminoglycans Alanine

Rate limiting step in HMP shunt

G-6-P ——> 6-phosphogluconolactone

NAD+ acts as coenzyme for …… Enzyme containing zinc

Malate DH Carbonic anhydrase

transketolase requires …..enzyme Activity of denatured protein

TPP ( thiamine pyrophosphate) Biologically inactive

In mass spectrometer, peptide are studied by projection of ….. What is present at 3’end of tRNA ?

Hydrogen ion CCA sequence

PLP is the coenzyme form of which vitamin

Use of enzyme Alglucerase is in ……d/s Enzyme whose activity is increased in starvation

Gaucher’s disease Pyruvate carboxylase

Glucose oxidase converts glucose to …. Structural proteins are …….proteins

Gluconic acid Fibrous

Flexibility of proteins depends on ….amino acid Luminous proteins are …..

Glycine Porphyrins

Complete hydrolysis of DNA will not yield ….. Cobalt forms a component of vitamin …..

Adenosine Vitamin B12

Gluconeogenesis does not occur from …… substrate Apoprotein A is found in ……

Palmitate HDL

Amino acid which lacks chirality Amino acid which does not participate by alpha helix formation

Glycine Proline

Transamination of pyruvate and glutamic acid leads to formation of …… Bromo-deoxy-uridine is related to DNA in ……..

Alpha keto glutarate Thymidine

A denaturing substance: Triple helix structure is found in …..

Guanidine Collagen

True statement regarding covalent bonds Major fate of glucose-6-phosphate in tissues in well fed state is ….

Opposite spin Glycogen

Property of photochromosity is a feature of ……aa Cellular component of protein synthesis

Aromatic amino acids Ribosomes

hnRNA is seen in …..disease Restriction endonuclease is for …..function

Spinal muscular dystrophy Breaking double stranded DNA

Allosteric inhibitor of acetylcoa carboxylase Activity of which enzyme is closely associated with muscle

Citrate Creatinine phosphokinase

Entropy is a measure of ….. Most important feature of enzyme cascade system is …..

Energy that is not available for work Feedback inhibition

Inhibitory agent in a neuron is ….. Catabolism of tryptophan begins with formation of ……

Glycine N-formyl-kynurenine

Methionine is important in synthesis of …. Hydrolysis of sucrose yields ….

Choline Glucose and fructose

Mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid is mainly found in ….. First product of glycogenolysis

Vitreous humor of eye Glucose -1-P

Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is fundamentally determined by ….. Amino acid used in carnitine synthesis

Base sequence of DNA Lysine

Genetic analysis contains a mutation of dystrophin in its promoter region. Most likely effect of this mutation is …..

Initiation of dystrophin transcription will be deficient

In lead poisoning, there is inhibition of some of the enzymes of heme bio synthetic pathway. This is reflected by the accumulation of …..

DALA- Delta Amino Levulenic Acid

Insulin increases activity of ..3 enzymes

PFK-1 Glucokinase Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Vitamin B1 is required for which reaction

Oxidative decarboxylation

Biochemistry Flashcards

(158 cards)