Opthalmology Flashcards
(256 cards)
1
Q
Rosette cataract seen in
A
Trauma
2
Q
Oil drop cataract seen in
A
Galactosemia
3
Q
Diameter of optic nerve
A
1.5mm
4
Q
Depth of anterior chamber
A
2-3mm
5
Q
Volume of vitreous
A
4ml
6
Q
Volume of orbit
A
30cc
7
Q
Muscle attached to posterior tarsal margin
A
Mullers muscle
8
Q
What is Marcus Gunn pupil? (2)
A
- Defect in optic chiasma
- Pupil paradoxically dilate when light is swung from eye to eye
9
Q
Substantial propria of cornea is composed mainly of…..
A
Collagen
10
Q
Cornea absorb oxygen mainly from….
A
Air directly
11
Q
Nutrients diffuse into cornea from….
A
Aqueous humor
12
Q
MLF is important for…
A
Conjugate gaze
13
Q
Lesion in MLF results in…..
A
Inability to adduct ipsilateral eye on attempted lateral gaze
14
Q
Structures derived from mesoderm (2)
A
- Corneal stroma and endothelium
- Smooth muscles of iris
3 all muscles except iris
15
Q
Eye of newborn is……(2)
A
Hypermetropic
2-3D
16
Q
Visual angle is…..
A
Angle made by the object at nodal point of the lens
17
Q
Alpha angle is….
A
Angle between visual and optic axis
18
Q
Kappa angle is…
A
Angle between pupillary (anatomical ) axis and visual axis
19
Q
Direct ophthalmoscope image is magnified …..times
Indirect ophthalmoscope image is magnified…..times
A
15
5
20
Q
Electronic statogram is used for….
A
Graph for movement of eye
21
Q
Anomolscope detects ….
A
Color blindness
22
Q
Retinoscope is used for….
A
Assessing refractive state of eye
23
Q
Isihara plates /Hardy Rand plates are used for testing …..
A
Color vision
24
Q
Landolts rings are used for testing ….
A
Visual acuity in illiterates
25
Tests to detect macular function (3)
1. Amsler grid
2. Maddox rod test
3. Cardboard test (2 point discrimination)
26
Mc malignant tumor of eyelid
BCC
27
Adhesion of margins of 2 eyelid are called ….
Ankyloblepharon
28
Recurrent chalazion may predispose to….
Adeno ca of meibomian gland
29
Features of congenital chronic dacrocystitis (3)
1. Epiphora
2. Regurgitation of pus
3. Rx: conjuctivo-cysto-rhinostomy
30
Receptors of optic pathway
Rods and cones
31
Thalamic nucleus of Vision
Lateral geniculate body
32
Pupillary sparing is seen in …..d/s
DM
33
What is Webber’s syndrome?
1. I/L CN3 palsy
2. C/L hemiparesis
34
Loss of ciliospinal reflex seen in….
Horners syndrome
35
Rx for horners syndrome
Fasanella Servat operation
36
What is tylosis ?
Hypertrophy and drooping of eyelid
37
Feature of ptosis in Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome.
Non retractable ptosis that gets corrected by chewing action
38
Surgical procedure for ptosis
Blaskovics operation
39
Physiological insufficiency of accommodation is called ….
Presbyopia
40
Down beat nystagmus seen in…(5)
1. Cerbellar/ brain stem lesion
2. Multiple sclerosis
3. Alcohol
4. Anticonvulsant
5. Lithium toxicity
41
Rotators nystagmus is called ….
Miners nystagmus
42
Complication of myopia (2)
1. Lattice and snail track degeneration
2. Peripheral retinal degeneration
43
Anisokonia is…..
Difference in image size
44
Anisometropia is……
Difference in refraction of 2 eyes
45
Giant papillary conjunctivitis is seen in …..
Contact lens
46
Most common allergic manifestation of phytenctular conjunctivitis is….
Koeppe’s nodules
47
Papillary hypertrophy seen in ….
Spring catarrh
48
Maxwell Lyon sign is….(2)
Ropy stringy discharge
49
Define artl’s line
Seen in trachoma
Conjunctival scarring in sulcus subtarsalis
50
Define pannus formation
Infiltration of cornea with vascularization
51
DOC of trachoma (topical)
Tetracycline 1%
52
First symptom of congenital glaucoma
Lacrimation
53
Features of congenital glaucoma (4)
1. Boys are affected more
2. Buphthalmos (big eyes)
3. Ox eyes
4. Large cornea
54
Corneal features of congenital glaucoma (2)
Hazy frosted glass cornea
Haab’s striae
55
Pathology of congenital glaucoma
Optineurin abnormality
56
Procedure of choice vs surgery of choice for congenital glaucoma
Procedure: combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy
Surgery of choice: goniotomy
57
Genes implicated in pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (2)
Optineurin gene
MYOC gene
58
Early visual field defect seen in primary open angle glaucoma (2)
1. Isopteric contraction
2. Barring blind spot
59
Surgical procedure for primary open angle glaucoma :
For angle closure glaucoma
Argon Laser trabeculoplasty
Laser iridotomy
Surgical iridectomy
60
Rubeiosis iridis is ……..associated with ….
Rx
Neovascularization of iris seen in neovascular glaucoma
Ass with CRAO
Panretinal photocoagulation
61
Associated features of keratoconus (2)
Munson sign
Fleischer sign
62
Corneal nerves are visible in …….condition
Keratoconus
63
Equatorial diameter of lens is…..
9mm
64
Max refractive power is in…..
Center of lens
65
Lens is thicker ……
Lens gets its nutrition from …….
Anteriorly
Acqueous humor
66
Most cataract in adults is….
Most common cataract in children is ….
Cortical cataract
Zonular cataract
67
Sign of complicated cataract is…..
Polychromatic lustre
68
Features of posterior cataract (2)
Unilateral -always
Ass with poor visual prognosis
69
Lamellar cataract is associated with…(2)
Malnutrition
Hypoparathyroidism
70
Rx for after cataract
NdYAG laser capsulotomy
71
Projectile vomiting is seen in …..ophthalmic condition
Papilledema
72
Disc findings seen in papilledema (3)
1. Blurring of margins of optic disc
2. Hyperemia of disc
3. Elevation of disc - mushroom/dome shaped
73
Pseudo papillitis seen in….
Hypermetropia
74
Earliest feature of papillitis
RAPD
Papillitis aka optic neuritis
75
Ocular condition of RA
Episcleritis
76
Anterior uveitis is seen in….(3)
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Miotic pupil
77
Posterior uveitis seen in ….(3)
1. Sarcoidosis
2. Melanocyte containing tissue- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
3. Behcets syndrome
78
Ciliary body is injured in …..
Sympathetic Opthalmitis
79
First sign of SO (2)
Retro lentil flare
Keratic ppt
80
Mc tumor of lacrimal gland
Benign mixed tumor
81
Hypothesis related to RB
Knudsons hypothesis
82
Rx of
1. Diffuse RB
2. Small rb.
3. B/L RB and metastatic disease
1. Enucleation - eyeball +optic nerve
2. Brachytherapy
3. Chemotherapy
83
Rhegmatogenous rd is…..
Formation of hole in retina/ retinal tear
84
Rhegmatoneous RD is ass with …(5)
1. Myopia
2. Trauma
3. Cataract surgery
4. HTN
5. Eales disease
85
Primary aim of RD surgery
Closure of break or tear in the retina
86
Feature of retinitis pigmentosa
Loss of visual acuity
87
Microscopic feature of retinitis pigmentosa
Irregular black deposits of clumped pigment in peripheral retina-bone spicules
88
Envisceration is done in….
Panopthalmitis
(Frills excision)
89
Enucleation is done in…(4)
1. Retinoblastoma
2. Malignant melanoma -adults
3. Endopthalmitis
4. Pthisis bulbi
90
Fundus exam for
NonIDDM
IDDM
1. ASAP
2. After 5 years of dx of DM
91
Features of eye in thyroid disease (4)
1. Lid lag- von graf’s sign
2. Poor convergence (mobius sign)
3. External opthalmoplegia
4. Large extraocular muscles
92
Tears are produced in newborn after….
4 weeks
93
Layers in tear film …..
Mucin deficiency seen in…(5)
3
1. Steven Johnson syndrome
2. Trachoma
3. Burns
4. Pemphigoid
5. Vit A deficiency
94
D shaped pupil seen in….
Iridodialysis
95
Bulls eye maculopathy seen in….
Chloroquine
96
Whorled keratopathy seen in…
Amiodarone
97
Schwalbe’s ring seen in….
Descemet’s membrane
98
Angioid streaks seen in….
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
99
Scintillating Scotoma seen in….
Migraine
100
Epibulbar dermoids seen in….
Goldenhar’s syndrome
101
Sago grains seen in…
Trachoma
102
My ocular morbidity in India
Refractive error
103
Mc cause of blindness of children in India
Vit A deficiency
104
Mydriqtic with no cycloplegic
Phenylephrine
105
Mydriatic used as an ointment in children
Atropine
106
Shallow anterior chamber seen in….
Intumescent cataract
107
Mc congenital cataract affecting vision
Zonular
108
Altitudinal defect seen in
AION
109
Normal iOP
17-22- mmhg
110
Mc soft tissue tumor in children
Rhabdomyosarcoma
111
Direction of dislocation of lens in mar fans syndrome
B/L upward and temporal
112
Drug with only cycloplegic action
Cyclopentolate
113
Suppurations I.F of meibomian gland is known as…
Hordeleum
114
CMV retinitis seen with CD4 counts
Less than 50
115
Bonnets sign and elschnig spots seen in
HTN retinopathy
116
Corneal condition in which steroid c/I
Herpetic conditions
117
Resse ellsworth classification done for
RB
118
Rx of choice for central serous retinopathy
No rx - resolves spontaneous
119
Rx of choice for acathameoba
Chlorhexidine
Polyhexethylene biguanide
120
Mc intraocular tumor in adults is …
Malignant melanoma of choroid
121
Earliest visual field defects in glaucoma
Isolated paracentral scotoma
122
Distant opthalmoscopy is done at a distance of ….
20-25 cm
123
Vit a supplement for a child is
3 doses of 1 lakh units
124
Brain ass with horizontal moves of eye
Pons
125
Campometry is done for….
Field charting
Central and paracentral area of visual field
126
Drug used for tonometry
4% XYlocaine
127
Methyl alcohol causes blindness by acting on …..cells
Ganglion cells
128
Most dangerous injury for vision
Fracture optic nerve Canal
129
Cattle truck appearance seen in….
CRAO
130
Rx of choice for clinically significant macular edema is….
Focal photocoagulation
131
In pars planitis visual loss is due to…
Cystoid macular edema
132
Keith wegener classification done for …
HTN retinopathy
133
Distance of macula from optic disc is…
3 mm
134
Ring scotoma seen in ….
RP
135
Secondary vitreous develops from…
Ectoderm
136
Site of bleeding of after cataract surgery
Posterior ciliary vessels
137
Loss of eyelashes is known as
Madarosis
138
Eyeball volume is …
5-7 ml
139
Sclera is thinnest at…
Behind insertion of recti
140
Sclera thicket at…
Posterior pole near optic nerve
141
Nummular keratitis seen in….
Herpes zoster
142
Instrument used to asses corneal surface
Placido disc
143
Snow banking seen in…
Pars planitis - intermediate uveitis
144
Bread crumb appearance seen in…
Complicated cataract
145
Ring of sommering seen in…
After cataract
146
Hypersecretary glaucoma seen in …
Epidemic dropsy
147
5% guanethidine seen in….
Thyrotoxic opthalmopathy
148
Edema following blunt trauma is…
Berlin edema
149
Doc for CMV retinitis
Ganciclovir
150
Of length of eyeball changes by 1mm, refractive index changes by…
3D
151
Neurotrophic keratitis involves… nerve
Trigeminal nerve
152
Excessive accommodation results in…
Pseudomyopia
153
Chronic sterile If of meibomian gland is…
Chalazion
154
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is caused by
Adenovirus
155
Rx of after cataract
Nd yag laser
156
Mc malignant intraorbital tumor in children
Lymphoma
157
Pizza pie appearance seen in
CMV retinitis
158
Achromatopsia seen in which area of occipital cortex
V8
159
Method of examine posterior chamber on mature cataract is….
Bscan
160
Pseudo proptosis seen in…
High myopia
161
Complication of corneal ulcer
Anterior staphyloma
162
Common cause of anterior uveitis
Idiopathic
163
Blunt trauma to eye causes recession of angle of eye because
Tear in ciliary body
164
Xray to view orbital floor fracture
Eaters view -nose chin
165
Transparency of cornea is due to
Endothelium
166
Mc cause of retinal detachment is due to
Myopia
167
Glaucomflecon is a feature of…
Acute angle closure glaucoma
168
Axial pro ptosis is ass with …
Optic glioma
169
Tarsal muscles are supplied by…nerves
Sympathetic nerves
170
Placid disc used for …disease
Keratoconus
171
Bigots spots seen in….disease
At ….portion of eye.
Vit a defiency
Bulbar conjunctiva
172
Metabolic disease ass with cataract
Galactosemia
173
Patho gnomic of trachoma
Bulbar follicles
174
Ptosis with weak orbicularis oculi is an early feature of …
Myasthenia gravis
175
Indicator of globe rupture
Contusion + HGE+ low IOP
176
Dangerous area of eye
Ciliary body
177
Mc ocular manifestation of mumps
Dacryoadenitis
178
Keyhole shaped visual field defect seen in lesion of …
Lateral geniculate body
179
Left sided Cn6 palsy will lead to…
Diplopia on left gaze
180
Feature of 6nerve palsy
Convergent squint
181
Loss of convergence with slight light reflex seen in…
Holmie adie pupil
182
Which extraocular muscle is spared in involvement of oculomotor nerve?
Abduction
183
Reciprocal inhibition of antagonist muscle upon lateral gaze is explained by ….
Sherrington law
184
Site of peribulbar injection
Outside muscle case
185
Corneal ulcer resembling fungal ulcer is…
Nocardia asteroids
186
Specific topical remedy for angular conjunctivitis is….
Zinc sulphate
187
Fluorescent dye for opthalmologic dx is injected into….
Antecubital vein
188
Tonography determines….
Outflow of aqueous humor
189
Perforated corneal ulcer leads to formation of ….
Anterior capsular cataract
190
Distant mets in RB seen in
Brain
191
Junction between retina and ciliary body is known as….
Ora serrata
192
Ciliary staphyloma is complication of ….
Scleritis
193
Retinal detachment ass with malignant melanoma of choroid is…
Exudative
194
Mitomycin C drops used for…
Pterygium
195
Region of cornea involved in early lesions of exposure keratopathy
Inferior 3rd
196
Feature of retrobulbar neuritis
Child with sudden LOV , painful ocular movement
White eye with no obvious sign on ophthalmoscopy.
197
Most important factor to determine convergence of light rays on retina
Curvature of cornea
198
Lateral rectus palsy characterized by….sm
Uncrossed diplopia
199
Snow blindness caused by
Uv rays
200
Rx for corticocavernous fistula
Balloon embolization
201
Use of A scan biometry
Axial length of eyeball measured for cataract surgery
202
Earliest sign in papilledema
Blurring of disc margins
203
Most common cause of amblyopia
Squint
204
Distance between 2 focal points created by different refractive power of lens or cornea in different meridian is….
Sturms choroid
205
Earliest sign in primary congenital glaucoma
Corneal edema with watering
206
Sign seen in RD
Shaffer sign
207
Instrument for calculating IOL power
Keratometer
208
Periphlebitis retina is known as ….
Eales disease
209
Low vision in pterygium seen in…
Astigmatism
210
Breach in descemts membrane seen in..
Bupthalmos
211
Which topically used anti glaucoma drug is non selective alpha agonist ?
Dipivefrine
212
Elschnig pearls seen in…
After cataract
213
Which layer involves in pterygium?
Bowman’s layer
214
Left homonymous hemianopia seen with…
Optic tract
215
Physiological change seen in near vision is…
Increase in depth of focus
216
Minimum angle of resolution when visual acuity is 6/6 is…
1 min of arc
217
Last field of vision to go in glaucoma is ….
Temporal
218
Neonatal blindness can occur if neonatal conjunctivitis is caused by …org
N . Gonorrhoea
219
Right prescription for simple myopic astigmatism
-2D spherical
+2D spherical x 180 degrees
220
55 year old male with Emmettropic eye due to presbyopia will require correction of…
2D
221
Dextroelevation during conjugate movement is caused by ….muscles
Left inferior oblique and right superior rectus
222
Nerve involved in efferent pathway of light reflex
Oculomotor nerve
223
Inner limiting membrane layer of retina formed by ….
Mullers cells
224
Mc concomitant squint is…
Esotropia
225
Glaucoma surgery that uses implant is….
Seton procedure
226
Frontalis sling operation is done for…
Child presenting with ptosis and weakness of LPS
227
Main reason behind development of papilledema in patient with SDH is…
Raised intracranial tension
228
Feature of paralytic squint (4)
1. 60 yr old female
2. H/o DM,HTN
3. C/F diplopia and squint
4. Secondary deviation more pronounced than primary lesion
229
Use of photostress test
Differentiate macular and optic nerve disease
230
Shifting fluid sign found in…
Exudative RD
231
Mc primary intraocular tumor in adults
Uveal melanoma
232
Mc cause of u/L proptosis in
Children
Adults
1. Orbital cellulitis
2. Thyroid opthalmopathy
233
Mc cause of B/L proptosis in children.
Neuroblastoma
234
Common dyes used for corneal staining
Rose Bengal
Fluorescene
Lissamine
235
Moorens ulcer seen in ….
C/f
Rx
Healthy men
Pain out of proportion,photophobia,redness,tearing
Immunosuppressions
236
Iron deposition in pterygium is known as ….
Stockers line
237
…..play am imp role in corneal hydration and transparency
GAG-keratin sulphate (50%)
Chodroitin sulphate
Chondroitin
238
Adhesion if margins of eyelid….
Adhesion of eyelid to eyeball
Thickening of lid margin….
1.Ankylobhlepharon
2. Symbhlepharon
3. Tylosis
239
Scleral thickening in elderly women with RA seen in….
Scleromalacia perforans
240
Pterygium arises only from …..area of eye
Interpalpebral fissure
241
Corneal ulcer where pain is out of proportion is seen in….
Acanthamoeba keratitis
242
Pseudogerontoxon seen in….
Spring catarrh
243
Corneal hydration maintained by…
Endothelium
244
Demarcation line in retrolental fibroplasia(retinopathy of prematurity) first seen in….
Stage 1
245
Cell bodies of mullers cells present in….
Inner nuclear layer
246
Rx for congenital glaucoma
Trabeculotomy
247
Syndrome Not ass with lens dislocation.
Usher syndrome
Features :
1. Deafness
2. Seizures
3. Mental retardation
4. Retinitis pigmentosa
5. Cataracts
248
Rx for congenital cataract
Poc: posterior capsulotomy
Anterior vitrectomy
Lens aspiration
Lensectomy
249
New advance in cataract surgery
Femtosecond laser
250
Not done for phacoemulsufication
Sclerocorneal tunnel
251
Blue dot cataract caused by…
Atopic dermatitis
252
Cover uncover test done for (2)
Strabismus
Heterophoria
253
Goldmann toninetry is …
Applantion Tonometry
254
In snellens chart eye subtends to an angle of..
5 min per arc
255
Extra set of eyelash emerging from posterior margin is called ….
Distichiasis
256
Ushers syndrome features (5)
1. Deafness
2. Mental retardation
3. Seizures
4. Retinitis pigmentosa
5. Cataracts
