ENT Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
Cauliflower ear is seen in …..
A
Hematoma of auricle-boxers and wrestlers
2
Q
Parts of tympanic membrane (2)
A
Pars tensa
Pars flaccida -shrapnel membrane
3
Q
Nerve supply of tympanic membrane (2)
A
- Auriculotemporal nerve
- Auricular branch of vagus
4
Q
Normal appearance of tympanic membrane
A
Pearly white membrane
5
Q
Chalky white membrane is seen in ….
A
Tympanosclerosis
6
Q
Narrowest part of middle ear
Location of mesotympanum …..
A
Mesotympanum
Directly medial to tympanic membrane
7
Q
Location of tegmen/roof of tympanum
A
Opposite to middle cranial fossa
8
Q
Bony labrynth is ………bone
Contents of peri lymph (2)
A
Cancellous bone
Resemble CSF
Low K+,low Ca, high sodium
9
Q
Investigation of choice for malignant otitis externa
A
Gallium CT scan
10
Q
Mastoid reservoir phenomenon is associated with ……
Serous otitis media is AKA (2)
A
ASOM
Secretory otitis media
Glue ear
11
Q
Special features of serous otitis media (4)
A
- Marginal perforation
- B shaped tympanogram
- Medical Rx ineffective
- Insertion of tympanostomy tube +_ adenoidectomy
12
Q
Location of perforation in CSOM (2)
A
Safe CSOM: central
Unsafe CSOM: marginal
13
Q
Complications of CSOM (4)
A
- Mastoiditis -mc complications of CSOM
- Brain abscess
- Bezold’s abscess (SCM)
- Gradenigo syndrome
14
Q
Define bezold’s abscess
Gradenigo syndrome (5)
A
SCM abscess
- Retro orbital pain
- Photophobia
- Lacrimation
- CN 5&6 I/L CN involvement
- Otitis media
15
Q
Special feature of cholesteatoma (4)
A
- Bony erosion
- Apex of petrous temporal bone
- Attic/posterior -superior marginal region
- Modified radical mastoidectomy
16
Q
Cholesteatoma is AKA (2)
A
Epidermosis
Keratoma
17
Q
Modified radical mastectomy spares …(2)
A
Tympanic membrane and ossicles
18
Q
Pathognomonic sign of lateral sinus thrombosis (2)
A
- Grinsinger sign -tenderness and edema over mastoid process
- Tobey-Ayer test
19
Q
Radical mastoidectomy is done for ….
Otosclerosis begins in …..
A
Atticoantral cholesteatoma
Fissula antefenestrum
20
Q
Mc site of otosclerosis
A
Oval window
21
Q
Presenting feature of otosclerosis (3)
A
- Positive family history
- Progressive B/L conductive deafness
- Paraccusis willisii-ability to hear well in noisy environment.
22
Q
Appearance of tympanic membrane in otosclerosis
Surgical procedure of choice for otosclerosis
A
Flamingo pink TM.
Stampedectomy + prosthesis
23
Q
Use of sodium fluoride in otosclerosis
Ménière’s disease is AKA
A
Prevent progression
Endolymphatic hydrops
24
Q
Triad of Ménière’s disease (3)
A
Hearing loss -low freq SN
Tinnitus-nonpulsatile
Recurrent prostrating vertigo
25
Pathological change in inner ear in Ménière’s disease
Generalized dilatation of membranous labrynth
26
Increased predisposition of Bell’s palsy in ….
Diabetics
27
Features of glomus tumor (2)
1. Mc SCC
2. Multicentric,lymphatic Mets
28
Chemodectoma/ non chromaffin paraganglioma are seen at…(2)
1. Area of Jacobson’s nerve in tympanic plexus on promontory of middle ear.
(Glomus tympanicus tumor)
2. Glomus jugulare body in jugular bulb of internal jugular vein (glomus jugulare tumor)
29
Rx for glomus tumor (2)
1. Modified radical mastectomy
2. Surgical pOC: excision of petrous temporal bone
30
Mc common involved structure of acoustic neuroma is …..nerve
Ototoxic aminoglycosides are : (3)
Superior vestibular nerve
Gentamicin
Kanamycin
Neomycin
31
Ototoxic loop diuretics are …(2)
Furosemide
Ethacrynic acid
32
Features of pendred syndrome (2)
Deafness
Goiter
33
Features of usher syndrome (5)
1. Seizures
2. Deafness
3. Mental retardation
4. Retinitis pigmentosa
5. Cataract
34
Features of Alport s syndrome (2)
Progressive sensorineural loss
Progressive severe GN
35
Presence of OAE positive means
Distinguishes between….
Outer hair cells of organ of corti are intact
Sensory from neural hearing loss
36
BAER is used for…
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials
Differentiating site of sensorineural hearing loss
37
Organism causing hemorrhagic otitis externa
Org causing otomycosis (2)
Influenza virus
Aspergillus Niger
Candida
38
Functions of nasal cavity (3)
1. Warming
2. Filtration
3. Moistening of air
39
Opening of nasolacrimal duct is …..meatus
Opening of middle meatus is in…….(3)
Inferior meatus
1 maxillary sinus
2. Anterior ethmoidal sinus
3. Nasofrontal ducts
40
Opening in sphenoethmoid recess is …..
Sphenoid sinus
41
1. Mucopurulent pus in middle meatus suggest ……
2. Periodicity seen in….
3. Sinusitis not seen at birth is …..
1. Maxillary sinusitis
2. Frontal sinusitis
3. Frontal sinusitis
42
Definitive dx of sinusitis
FESS is used for ….(2)
Sinoscopy
Nasal polyps
Mucocele
43
Arteries contributing to little area (4)
Greater palatine artery
Sphenopalatine artery
Superior labial artery
Anterior ethmoid artery
44
Conditions where recurrent epistaxis is seen (3)
1. DNS
2. Atrophic rhinitis
3. Maxillary ca
45
Most common cause of epistaxis in pubescent male
Mc cause of epistaxis in children
Mc cause of epistaxis in elderly
Angiofibroma
Trauma
HTN
46
Parosmia is…
Jarjavay fracture
Perception of bad smell
Horizontal fracture of nasal septum
47
Apple jelly nodules on nasal septum
Histological feature of rhinoscleroma
Lupus vulgaris
Mikulicz cells- foamy histiocytes
48
What is Ludwig’s angina ? (2)
Edema of floor of mouth
Involves submandibular space
49
What is ranula? (3)
1. Thin walled
2. Retention cyst
3. Sublingual
50
Mc malignant tumor of adult male is ….
Premalignant conditions of oral cavity (3)
Oral cancer
1. Leukoplakia
2. Erythroplakia
3. Oral submucosal fibrosis
51
Rx of malignant oral ca
1. Surgery
Radiorx
52
Nasopharynx is …..(2)
Oval shaped
Opening of ET
53
Features of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
1. Benign
2. Vascular neoplasm-Bx C/I
3. Millers sign
54
Mc site of juvenile angiofibroma
Posterior part of nasal cavity - close to sphenopalatine foramen
55
IOC for juvenile angiofibroma
RxOC for juvenile angiofibroma
CECT - Millers sign
Surgery-they are responsive to radiotherapy
56
Mc age group affected with nasopharyngeal cancer
Mc site?
4th-5th decade
Lateral wall of nasopharynx-fossa of rosenmuller
57
Nasopharyngeal cancer is associated with -(2)
1. EBV infection
2. Serous otitis media
58
Trotters triad
Conductive deafness
Palatal paralysis
Temporoparietal neuralgia
59
Mc organism for quinsy
Timing of tonsillectomy
Streptococcus
6 weeks after appearance-interval tonsillectomy
60
Primary function of larynx
Protection of airways
61
Adductor if vocal cords (2)
1. Lateral cricoarytenoid
2. Transverse cricoarytenoid
62
Nerve supply of cricothyroid
Rx for laryngomalacia
External laryngeal nerve
Reassurance
63
Maximum stridor is seen with…
Mc cause of vocal cord palsy
Most dangerous vocal cord palsy
B/L incomplete vocal cord palsy
Total thyroidectomy
B/L abductor palsy
64
B/L reccurnt laryngeal nerve palsy occurs in…(2)
Medialization of vocal cord is in ….
1. Neuritis
2. Thyroidectomy
Thyroplasty type 1
65
Mc cause of death in epiglotitis
Premalignant conditions of larynx
Complete airway obstruction
Keratosis
Papilloma
66
Mc type of neoplasm of larynx
Supra glottic cancer features (2)
SCC
1. Pain
2. Early lymphatic spread
67
Postcricoid ca is ….
Verrucous cancer is Rx by ….
Mets to both sides of neck is common
Endoscopic surgery
68
Features of laryngeal TB (2)
1. Mamillated appearance
2. Turban epiglottis
69
Laryngitis sicca is caused by …..
Laryngitis atrophica - caused by klebsiella ozonae
70
Quinke’s disease is ….
Reinke’s edema is….
Kiss ulcer of larynx/ contact ulcer of larynx is caused by ….
Edema of uvula
Edema of vocal cords
Vocal abuse
71
Structures damaged in emergency tracheostomy (3)
1. Isthmus of thyroid
2. Inferior thyroid vein
3. Thyroid imma artery
72
Common complications of tracheostomy
Tracheal stenosis - mitomycin C is used for this complication.
73
Nerve injured in transverse fracture of temporal bone
Facial nerve
74
Management of secretory otitis media
Management of cholesteatoma
Myringotomy plus grommet tube insertion
Modified radical mastoidectomy
75
Mc cause of brain abscess
Nasal mucosa is largely supplied by branches of ……artery
CSOM
External carotid artery
76
IOC of juvenile angiofibroma
Antrochoanal polyp arises from ….
CECT
Maxillary antrum
77
Post dental extraction, patient with pain and swelling of SCM. Exam reveals medial shift of tonsil. Dx?
Para-pharyngeal abscess
78
Action of cricothyroid
Otitis externa is mc caused by ….
Tensor of vocal cords
Staph aureus
79
B/l recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is seen in malignancy of which gland?
Maxillary sinus opens into middle meatus at level of ….
Thyroid gland
Infundibulum, middle concha
80
Length of cartilaginous part of external auditory canal.
A person with neck nodes and B tympanogram may be having which tumor
8 mm.
Nasopharyngeal cancer.
81
Dysphagia luscoria is caused by …
Aberrant right subclavian artery
-compression of esophagus- impaired swallowing
82
Narrowest part of infant larynx is ….
Endolymphatic sac decompression is Rx for…..
Subglottis
Ménière’s disease
83
Caldwell luc approach opens which sinus
Nasal myiasis is also known as…
Maxillary sinus
Maggots in nose
84
Eutachian tube is bony in…..cartilage in ….
Lateral 1/3
Medial 2/3
85
Surgical landmark of mastoid antrum
Inner ear lies in ……
Mc evans triangle
Petrous part of temporal bone
86
Caloric test stimulates ….. structure
Lateral semicircular canals
87
Vibrating area of TM
Site if myringotomy in serous otitis media
55sqmm
Anteroinferior
88
Fluid level / air bubbles on otoscopic exam is characteristic of …..
Mc agent if atropic rhinitis
Secretory OM
K.ozonae
89
Adenoidectomy with grommet insertion is Rx of choice for ….
Young’s operation is done for (2)
Serous otitis media in children
Atrophic rhinitis
Epistaxis
90
Site of opening of sphenoid sinus
Spheno-ethmoidal recess/ supreme meatus
91
Site of opening of sphenoid sinus
Site of opening of nasolacrimal duct
Bezold’s abscess is related to which muscle
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Inferior meatus
SCM
92
Mallampati grading is done to ascess….
Oral cavity before intubation
93
Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies are characteristic of …..
Mc presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Rhinoscleroma
LAD
94
Sellicks maneuver is done to prevent…
Stylopharyngeous muscle is supplied by …..nerve
Gastric aspiration
Glossopharyngeal nerve
95
Likely dx of a patient who presented with big nasal cavity, thick crust formation and woody hard external nose
Thumb sign on lateral xray is ….
Rhinoscleroma
Acute epiglottis
96
Potato nose/rhinophyma is due to ….
Endolymph in inner ear is secreted by …..
Hypertrophy of sebaceous glands
Stria vascularis
97
Movement of stapes causes vibration in….
Arterial supply of tonsil is mainly through….
Scala vestibuli
Tonsillar branch of facial artery
98
Frontal sinus is best viewed on…..view
Focal length of objective piece of microscope commonly used for ear surgery
Caldwell view
250mm
99
Gold standard procedure for prevention of aspiration
Tracheal division and permanent tracheostomy
100
What is placed inside the ear during surgery of cochlear implant ?
Receiver stimulator
101
Excessive hge during tonsillectomy is due to…..vein,…..artery
Paratonsillar vein
Ascending palatine artery
102
Ideal Rx for rhinosporidiosis
Excision with cautery at base
103
Etiology of anterior ethmoidal neuralgia
Middle turbinate pressing on nasal septum
104
Test for detecting damage to cochlea
Ossicular lever ratio is ….
Absolute bone conduction
1.3:1
105
Infection of CNS spreads in inner ear through…..
Type of deafness in Ménière’s disease
Cochlear aqueduct
Low frequency SN hearing loss
106
Management of carcinoma larynx T1N0M0 stage.
External beam radiation
107
Smallest space in middle ear
Ossicles increase intensity of sound by how many times
Mesotympanum
15 times
108
Otolith organs are concerned with function of ….
Gelles test is positive in …..
Linear acceleration
Otosclerosis
109
Stapedial reflex is mediated by nerves….(2)
Test which differentiates cochlear and retrocochlear lesion
Cn7&8
BERA
110
For myringoplasty, Graft material of choice is ….
Temporal fascia
111
Mc cause of acute otitis media in children is …..
Rupture of eardrum occurs at noise level of ….
Strept pneumonia
160db
112
Organ of corti is located on …..
Cochlear aqueduct connects which parts
Basilar membrane
Inner ear with subarachnoid space
113
Mc cause of deafness
Position of vocal cords in cadaver
Wax
Intermediate
114
Topical Rx of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Mc cause of nasal obstruction in Atrophic rhinitis
Cidofovir
Excessive formation of crust
115
Pathognomic feature of maxillary sinus
Ossicle mc affected by CSOM
Mucopus in middle meatus
Long process of incus
116
Rx of cholesteatoma with facial paresis in a child
Surgery on TM is done using
Immediate mastoidectomy
Operative microscope
117
Schwartz operation is done in …..
Oral diaphragm is formed by which muscle ?
Acute mastoiditis
Mylohyoid
118
Styalgia is AKA
Diameter of head mirror used in ENT
Eagles syndrome
10cm
119
Fluctuating recurring variable SN deafness is seen in…
Frontal sinus May not be developed normally till ….age
Perilabrynthine fistula
12 years
120
Periodicity is a feature of ……sinus
Pain sensation from ethmoidal sinus are carried by …..nerve
Frontal sinus
Nasociliary nerve
121
Medial bulging of pharynx is seen in which abscess
Pharyngomaxillary abscess
122
Vincent angina is caused by ….organism
Fusiform bacilli + spirochetes
123
White patch in throat may be due to ….org
Pseudomembrane over tonsil and pharynx is caused by which organism.
Streptococcus
Gram positive bacilli
124
Bull neck is seen in….infection
Site of origin of angiofibroma
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Posterior part of nasal cavity close to sphenopalatine ganglion
125
Injury to superior laryngeal nerve causes what effect on noise
Posterior boundary of paraglottic space of larynx is formed by ….
Loss of timber of voice
Pyriform fossa mucosa
126
Voice in a patient with B/L abductor paralysis of larynx
Lymph node mets in Ca vocal cords
Normal voice
Never seen
127
Radiotherapy is rx OC for …..cancer
Frequency range in normal human being
Nasopharyngeal ca
20-20000 hz
128
Maximum audible tolerance by WHO is
Chronic sclerosising adenitis is AKA
85db
Kuttner’s tumor
129
Sialography is c/I in
Imaging modality of choice for paranasal sinus
Acute parotitis
CT scan
130
Mc site of carcinoma of paranasal sinus
Management of paranasal sinus carcinoma
Maxillary sinus
Surgery plus radiotherapy
131
Abscess in nasal septum lead to ….
Location of adenoids on pharyngeal wall
Septal perforation
Posteriorly
132
Location of lingual tonsil
Objective dx of adenoid enlargement is made by ….
Pharyngeal tongue and base of tongue
Nasal fibreoptic endoscopy
133
Maximum hearing loss is seen in…
Ossicular interruption with intact tympanic membrane
134
Rhinitis sicca is characterized by ….
Crust formation in anterior 1/3if nasal cavity
135
Condition that is a surgical emergency
Palatous ET seen in….
B/L choanal atresia
Pregnancy
136
Vidian neurectomy is done for …
Vasomotor rhinitis
137
Mc area involved in relapsing polychondritis
Cartilage of ear
138
Incision used for maxillary sinus surgery is known as….
SADE classification is used for …..
Weber Ferguson
Pars tensa
139
Potts puffy tumor is related to …..
Source of production of perilymph
Chronic frontal sinusitis
Capillaries of spiral ligament
140
Before antibiotic era, LST was commonly caused by ….
Gutzmann pressure test is done in which condition
Beta hemolytic streptococci
Puberphonia
141
Tapir nose is seen in…..
Nerve that mediates pain in Styalgia
Rhinoscleroma
Cn9
142
Cholesteatoma is commonly caused by …
Treatment of choice in central safe perforation
Attico-antral perforation
Myringoplasty
143
Tonsillectomy is indicated in ……
Not a feature of Ludwig angina
Rheumatic fever tonsillitis
Aphtous ulcer in mouth
144
NOT a step in radical mastoidectomy
2 yr old child with b/L nasal pink masses. Most important investigation prior to undertaking surgery is….
Maintain patency of ET
CT scan
145
Size of TM
Cottles test performed for….
90sqmm
DNS
146
Which type of glands are ceruminous glands
Modified Apocrine glands
147
Positive hennebert’s sign is seen in which congenital condition
Pitch discrimination is best between….
Congenital syphillis
100-1000hz
148
While doing Caldwell surgery, approach to maxillary antrum is through which landmark?
Gingivo labial sulcus
149
Narrowest area in nasal cavity
Clinical sign seen on exam in acute SOM
Internal nasal valve
Light house sign
150
Structure between middle and inferior turbinate
Surgery of choice for DNS in adults
Middle meatus
Submucosal resection
151
Sign seen in acoustic neuroma
Histelberger sign
152
Type of epithelium of adenoid
Herpes zoster oticus is caused by which type ?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Herpes virus type 3
153
Philtrum is derived from….
Recurrent oro facial edema,recurrent facial palsy and fissured tongue is seen in….
Medial nasal process
Melkerson rosenthal syndrome
154
Nerve involved in freys syndrome
Thornwalds disease arises from….
Auriculotemporal nerve
Pharyngeal bursa
155
Impedance matching is a function of …..
Inspiratory stridor is seen in carcinoma of ….
Middle ear
Subglottis region
156
Location of placement of auditory brainstem implant
High tracheostomy is indicated in….
Lateral recess
Stridor due to laryngeal carcinoma
157
Best modality after chordoma excision
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma arises from….
Radiotherapy
Notochord
158
Which type of tumor arises in plummer vinson syndrome?
Piriformis fossa is located in….
Best radiological view for maxillary sinus is…
SCC
Laryngopharynx
Occipitomental view
159
Saccule of inner ear develops from
Surgical partial closure of nasal orifice is done in…
Pars inferior
Atrophic rhinitis
160
Occipitomental view of paranasal sinus with open mouth is known as….
Surgical procedure in which widening of cartilaginous part of external auditory canal
Pierre view
Meatoplasty
161
Korners septum is seen in….suture
Which paranasal sinus is AKA ‘Antrum of Highmore’
Alderman’s nerve is AKA
Petrosquamous suture
Maxillary sinus
Auricular branch of vagus nerve
