Physiology Flashcards
(191 cards)
1
Q
RMP of nerve fiber is …..
RMP is due to ….
RMP is close to isoelectric potential of …..
A
-70mv
Potassium ions
Chloride ions
2
Q
Inhibitory post synaptic potential /IPSP is due to ….
Main constituent of cell membrane is…..
Fluidity of cell membrane is increased by…..
A
Chloride influx
Protein
Polyunsaturated FA
3
Q
RBC membrane has……
Basement membrane contains (3)
A
Spectrin ( maintain integrity)
Laminin
Nidogenin
Type 4 collagen
4
Q
Synthesis of lipids are in……cell organelle
Synthesis of proteins are in ……cell organelle
A
Smooth ER
Rough ER
5
Q
Cell organelle that maintain
Cell shape:
Catabolism of H2O2
A
Microtubules
Peroxisome
6
Q
Marker of
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Plasma membrane
A
Glutamic dehydrogenase
Galactosyl transferase
Adenyl cyclase 5 nucleotidase
7
Q
Measurement of total body water (2)
A
Titrated water
Deuterium oxide
8
Q
Measurement of ECF (2)
Measurement of plasma volume (2)
A
Inulin , mannitol
Evans blue
Radiolabeled albumin
9
Q
Normal anion gap -value
A
9-15 mmol/l
Cations-anions
10
Q
- Band which narrows during contraction
- Active sites of actin are covered by….
- Essential for smooth muscle contraction ….
A
H band and I band
Tropomyosin
Cellular Calcium
11
Q
- Golgi tendon organ detects ….
- Impulses are transmitted by …
- Golgi tendon reflex is …..
A
- Muscle tension
- Type 1b nerve fibers
- Bisynaptic
12
Q
- Muscle spine is a receptor for…..
- Peripheral zone of muscle spindle has…
A
- Myotactic/ stretch reflex
- Actin and myosin
13
Q
Most resistant vessel is….
Gas exchange vessel is….
A
Arterioles
Capillaries-most surface area
14
Q
Bp formula
Conditions with falsely high Bp (3)
A
COx TPR
Small cuff
Thick walled vessels
Obesity
15
Q
Define EDV
Value
Determines …..
A
Volume of blood present in ventricular cavity at end of atrial contraction.
Value: 130-150ml
Determines preload
16
Q
Define stroke volume
Formula
Value.
A
Volume of blood ejected with each heart beat
CO/HR
70-80ml
17
Q
Define ejection fraction
A
Ratio of stroke volume /EDV
18
Q
Value of cardiac index
Formula
A
3.2
CO/ BSA
19
Q
Blood flow is mainly controlled by…..
Effect of CO2 on brain vessels
A
- Arterioles
- Vasodilation
20
Q
3rd heart sound is heard during …..
A
Early ventricular filling phase -stretching of chordae tendinae
21
Q
Y wave of JVP is due to….
A
Opening of AV valve (tricuspid) and emptying blood into ventricle
22
Q
CO2 is primarily transported in arterial blood as ….
Normal value of PO2 is…
A
Bicarbonate
80-100mmhg
23
Q
Arterial level of Co2 is….
During inspiration, intrapleural pressure becomes …..
A
40mmHg
More negative :(- 6mmHg )
24
Q
Define total lung capacity
A
Volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of maximum inspiration
25
Total lung capacity depends on…
Define vital capacity ; value.
Lung compliance
Amount of air that can be forced out of lung after maximal inspiration.
Value: 4.8L
26
Define tidal volume, value.
Amount of air breathed in or out during normal breathing
Value: 500-750ml
27
Functional residual capacity; define
Define physiological dead space ; value
Volume of air left in lungs after normal expiration.
Anatomic+ alveolar dead space
155ml-male, 120ml-female
28
Define expiratory reserve volume
Volume of lung at the end of quiet expiration-which can be expired with maximal effort.
29
Value of minute alveolar ventilation
Response to high altitude (3)
3.5-4.5L
1. Increased ventilation (earliest)
2. Increased response to carotid bodies
3. Respiratory alkalosis
30
Increased pulmonary capillary pressure results in….
Surfactant production is accelerated by…
Pulmonary edema
Glucocorticoids
31
What is Nerst equation?
Bicarbonate diffuses into plasma
Same quantity chloride diffuses into RBC in venous circulation.
AKA chloride shift.
32
What is heads paradoxical reflex?
Inflation of lungs induces more inflation
33
Pneumotaxic centre is present in….
Sickle cell hemoglobin shift O2 dissociation curve to ….
Respiratory distress syndrome shift the curve to….
Upper pons (dorsal)
Right
Right
34
Factors stimulating renin secretion (2)
Hypotension
Hyponatremia
35
Major part of glomerular filtrate is absorbed in…
Substances completely reabsorbed in PCT(2)
PCT
Glucose
Amino acids
36
In the presence of vasopressin , maximum reabsorption of water takes place in…
Substances partially absorbed in PCT (3)
PCT
1. Sodium
2. Bicarbonate
3. Water
37
Macula densa is …..
Epithelial lining of thick ascending loop of henle close to afferent arteriole.
38
Tubuloglomerular feedback is mediated by sensing …..
Loop of henle does not handle…
Filtration fraction is calculated as ….
Nacl in densa
Urea
GFR/RPF =20%
39
Normal GFR is….
Normal creatinine level is…
Urea clearance is….
125ml/min
0.6-1.2mg
88ml/min
40
Action of gastrin (2)
1. Stimulates secretion of gastric juice
2. Increases gastric motility
41
Action of secretin (3)
1. Stimulates secretion of watery,alkaline,and pancreatic secretion.
2. Inhibit gastric secretion
3. Causes contraction of pyloric sphincter
42
CCK-PZ secretion is stimulated by ….
Gastric secretion is stimulated by..(2)
Gastric phase of gastric secretion is mediated by ….
1 proteins
2. Gastrin, histamine
3. Hormones
43
1. Intestinal motility is stimulated by (2)
2. Fat is maximally absorbed in…
3. Calcium is maximally absorbed in….
1. Distension, Ach
2. Jejunum
3. Proximal intestine
44
1. Electrolytes are absorbed in…
2. Effect of dietary fibers (eg: pectin) (2)
1. Colon
2. a) increase bulk in stool
B) increase metabolism of sugar in GIT
45
Largest reserve of energy in body
Gastric lipase helps in digestion of …
Indicator of malabsorption
Fat
Fat
Fat in stool ->6gm/day
46
Insulin increases …(3)
1. Protein synthesis
2. Fat synthesis
3. Glucose synthesis
47
In fetus, secretion of insulin begins at …..
Insulin secretion is inhibited by……
3 months
Epinephrine
48
Hormones acting on intracellular nuclear receptors (3)
1. Steroids
2. Thyroid hormone
3. Vitamin D
49
CAMP mediates action of …(2)
Effect of PTH (2)
ADH
PTH
1. Stimulates osteoclastic activity
2. Augments absorption of calcium from the gut
50
Effect of calcitonin (3)
1. Opposite to that of PTH
2. Lowers serum calcium
3. Acts by decreasing osteoclasis (bone resorption)
51
PTHrP is ……factor
Feature of PTHrP is…
Hypercalcemic
Important hormonal mediator of cancer associated hypercalcemia
52
Active form of calcium is in…..
A decrease in concentration of free calcium ions in plasma results in…(2)
Ionized form
1. Increased neuromuscular irritability and tetany
2. Chvostek sign
53
ECG finding of hypercalcemia
Hormones increased in stressful condition (4)
Prolong QT interval
1. Adrenaline
2. Vasopressin
3. Cortisol
4. Glucagon
54
In darkness activity of ……….is increased
Serotonin-N-acetyl transferase
55
Functions of LH (2)
1. Stimulates ovulation
2. Maintains corpus luteum
56
FSH receptors are present in …..
Capacitation occurs in ….
I’m female genital tract ,sperm don’t survive more than……hrs
Granulosa cells
Female genital tract
48 hrs
57
4-7Hz are called …..waves found in…..
3-5 Hz are called ……
Theta waves , hippocampus
Delta waves
58
Theory for color vision
Visibly range electromagnetic spectrum of human eye ….
Helm Holtz theory
370-740nm
59
Function of amacrine cells
Regulates relative color and luminosity of photoreceptive input under changing light.
60
Most sensitive pathway for stimulus of color contrast
Parvocellular pathway from lateral geniculate body-to visual cortex
61
Blobs of visual cortex are associated with…
Function of pacinian corpuscles
Color processing
Senses rapidly adapting touch,pressure,vibration
62
Region of CNS, which degenerate in Huntington’s disease
Caudate nucleus
63
Cingulate gyri and amygdaloid nucleus are part of …..
Wernicke’s aphasia is …..
Limbic system
Impaired comprehension of spoken and written language
64
1. Broca’s aphasia is concerned with …..
2. Nuclei of hypothalamus controlling shivering
3. Nuclei of hypothalamus controlling thirst and water balance
1. Word formation
2. Posterior hypothalamus
3. Supraoptic nuclei
65
Functions of hypothalamus (3)
1. Food intake
2. Hypophyseal control
3. Non shivering thermogenesis -because of noradr, mediated by beta3 receptors
66
Hormone important for cold adaptation
Main excitatory neurotransmitter of CNS
Thyroxine
Glutamate
67
Flight or fight response include (3)
1. Increased HR
2. Increased Bp
3. Increased TPR
68
Functions of neocerebellum
Function of basal nuclei/basal ganglia
Planning and programming of voluntary movements
Programming of movements
69
Caudate nucleus and lentiform nuclei are part of ….Brain structure
NO is AKA….
NO has half life of….
Basal ganglia
EDRF
4 secs (short t1/2)
70
NO acts as …(3)
Histamine is formed by …
1. Free radical
2. Vasodilator
3. Oxidizing agent
Decarboxylation of histidine
71
Function of histamine
Effect of release of ANP (4)
Mediates triple response
1. Excrete sodium and water(augment GFR)
2. Inhibit sodium reabsorption in PCT
3. Arteriolar and venous dilation (by antagonizing vasoconstrictors)
4. decrease Bp
72
ANP acts by ….
Changes seen with exercise (3)
CGMP pathway
1. Increases cardiac output
2. Increased RR
3. Blood flow to brain-unaltered
73
Changes with aging (2)
Vital capacity decreases
Hct remains same
74
Trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by …..
Renin is secreted by …..
Enterokinase
JG cells
75
1. % gastric juice secreted in gastric phase
2. Renin acts on which protein
1. 50-60%
2. Angiotensinogen
76
1. Alveoli are kept dry due to ….
2. Define bell megendie law
1. Surfactant
2. Principle that spinal cord dorsal roots are sensory and central roots are motor.
77
1. Effect of PNS stimulation of airway resistance
2. Order of activation of purkinje fibers
1. Increased
2. Septum-endocardium-epicardium
78
Excitable tissue is least permeable to ….
Anemic hypoxia is due to …..
Anion gap is mostly due to ….
Sodium
Decreased O2 content in arterial blood
Proteins
79
Which enzyme hydrolyses starch in mouth ?
Value of mean pulmonary artery pressure.
1. Ptyalin
2. 16mmHg
80
Auditory receptors are present in which part of brain
Effect on respiration if there is a transaction at junction of medulla and pons .
Superior temporal gyrus
Gasping
81
A person is working in hot environment and is taking more of water without salt. He is likely to have …..
Separation of first polar body occurs at time of ….
Heat cramps
Ovulation
82
Which gland produces TSH?
Nerve fibres affected first in case of hypoxia
Site of action of osmotic diuretic is mainly…
Anterior pituitary
B fibers
PCT
83
During cardiac cycle, opening of aortic valve takes place at the end of …..
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
84
Which valvular event occurs at the end of isometric relaxation phase?
Isometric relaxation is defined as….
Opening AV valves
Relaxation of both ventricles with AV and semilunar valves closed
85
Preload leads to ….
S4 is produced due to …..
Ventricular systole
Ventricular wall turbulence due to late ventricular diastolic filling
86
What happens to cardiac output when subject stands up from lying position?
Mean arterial pressure is defined as…
Decrease VR —> decreased EDV and reduction in Cardiac output.
COx TPR
87
During diastole, arterial pressure is maintained by …..
Bp measured by sphygmomanometer is …..than intra arterial pressure
Elastic recoils of aorta
Higher
88
Basis of korotkoff sounds
Single most important factor which controls myocardial contractility.
Turbulent blood flow in artery
Sympathetic control
89
Effect of inhibition of vasomotor centre on Bp
Baroreceptor reflex causes a…..
Decrease
Decrease in Bp
90
Vasodilation produced by CO2 is maximum in which organ.
Relationship of diameter of vessel with turbulence of blood flow
Brain
Indirect- more the diameter, less the turbulence
91
Wind kessel effect is seen in …..
Velocity of blood is maximum in ……
Elastic arteries
Elastic arteries
92
Distribution of blood flow is mainly regulated by ……
Microcirculation consists of which vessels….
Arterioles
Arterioles + capillaries + venules
93
Perfusion pressure is calculated as …..
Blood supply to Brain is …..
Pressure in arterial end - pressure in Venular end of capillaries
55ml/100gm/minute
94
Lewis triple response is mediated by …..
Flare in triple response is mediated by ….
Regulation of coronary circulation is by …..
Histamine
Axon reflex
Auto regulation
95
Orthopnea in heart failure develops due to reservoir function of …..
Site of RBC production in 20 yr old healthy male is …..
Large veins in leg
Flat bones
96
Metalloporphyrin help in jaundice by what mechanism
Proteins which prevent loss of hb from plasma
Inhibiting heme oxygenase
Hemopexin
97
GCSF and GMCSF will result in the production of …..blood cells
Fibrinogen to fibrin is catalysed by …..
WBC
Thrombin
98
The blood in the vessels normally do not clot due to ….
At what stage of erythropoesis
, does hb appear ?
Vascular endothelium lined with glacocalyx
Intermediate normoblast
99
LVF is indicated if PAWP is more than …..
Half life of transfused platelets is …..
25 mmHg
3-6 days
100
The first reactionary change to occur after hge is ….
Normal hepatic blood flow per minute is …
Mean life of transfused RBC is…
Vasoconstriction
50 cc/100 gm of liver tissue
60 days
101
Liver has max o2 consumption. Which is the next organ ?
Preservative used for storing blood for transfusion is…..
Skeletal muscle
CDP-A
102
Under normal resting condition, Cardiac output is…
Which of the following is produced by platelets during hge to produce vasoconstriction?
5.25 L/min
Serotonin
103
…. Heart sound is heard immediately before the first heart sound when atrial pressure is high
Effect of calcitonin on calcium metabolism
Fourth
Decrease serum calcium
104
Site of absorption of calcium
Inhibitory post synaptic potential is due to …..
Function of muscle spindle
Proximal SI
Chloride
Detects muscle length
105
Action potential always obeys which law
Function of kupfer cells
Resorption of water is maximum at ….
All or none law
Phagocytosis
PCT
106
Define axon hillock
Tyro of hypoxia in CO poisoning
Lowest threshold potential in a motor nerve fiber
Anemic
107
Finding of atrial fibrillation on JVP
Pulmonary micro circulation differs from systemic micro circulation in having…..
Absent a waves
Low resistance
Low capillary pressure
108
Blood supply during exercise is increased in …..
BMR depends on….
Heart
Body surface area
109
Cell organelle which initiate the process of cell division
Define rheobase
Centriole
Least strength of current which excites the excitable tissue
110
Mc naughten’s rule is for
Mercury acts on ……organ
Criminal responsibility of the insane
PCT(kidney)
111
IOC for interstitial lung disease
Receptor for hearing
HRCT scan
Hair cells of organ of corti
112
Weber Fechner Law is related with ….
Isovolumetric relaxation preceeds …..
Perception of stimulus
Ventricular ejection phase
113
Serotonin is secreted by …..
Decrease oxygen content will shift the O2 dissociation curve to the ….
Enterochromaffin cells of GIT
Right
114
Multiplying neurons are seen in….
Stimulation for sympathetic neuron growth.
Hippocampus
Nerve growth factor
115
Effect of ANP (2)
1. Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
2. Decreases aldosterone secretion
116
Surfactant protein production starts at ….
Hormonal response in hyperthermia
20 weeks of gestation
Stress response( increased GH, and adrenaline)
117
Transducin is found in …..
Iodine uptake in thyroid gland is which type of transport
Retina
Secondary active
118
Which hormone causes axillary hair growth ?
Source of HCG
Testosterone
Synctiotrophoblast
119
In normal menstrual cycle , progesterone peaks on which day …..
Fertilized ovum reaches uterine cavity on which day ?
21st day
3-4th day
120
Which cells secrete mullerian inhibiting substance?
Which cell secrete ABP?
Sertoli cell
Sertoli cell
121
Which ion is more in gastric secretion as compared to blood?
Amount of gastric juice secreted in cephalic phase ?
Chloride
20%
122
Which event facilitates high altitude acclimatization?
Ratio of anatomical dead space to tidal volume?
Co2 causes respiratory stimulation by …..
Increased RBC production
1:3
Central chemoreceptors
123
Value of maximum absorption of glucose in a nephron?
Need for vitamin B12 and folic acid in the formation of RBC is primarily due to effects on…..
375mg
DNA synthesis on bone marrow
124
Most important buffer in blood is….
Ion responsible for conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Hemoglobin
Calcium
125
FFA is transported in blood by ….
Gamma globulin is produced by…
Albumin
Plasma cells
126
Coronary blood flow in ml/min
Bainbridge reflex causes increase in …..
250 ml/min
Heart rate
127
Marey’s law relates heart rate with ….
Effect of pressure on carotid sinus
Arterial Bp
Decrease in HR and TPR
128
Effect of increases HR on stroke volume
Maximum filling of ventricles is observed in ……phase of cardiac cycle.
Decreased stroke volume
Diastole
129
Most powerful Bp regulator in normal arterial pressure range
Function of cerebrocerebellum
Baroreceptors
Planning of movements
130
Cells equivalent to macrophages
Pre-accelerin is also known as factor …
Condition in which 2,3 DPG is decreased .
Histiocytes
7
Acidosis
131
Function of 2,3 DPG
Factor delaying gastric emptying
Decreased binding of oxygen and Hb
Acid in duodenum
132
Major protein of bone
Cells with longest life span
Which sensory fibers are LEAST susceptible to hypoxia?
Collagen type 1
Macrophages
Type 4
133
Basic rhythm of respiration is maintained by ….
Level of which hormone remains unchanged in mentrual cycle
Prebotzinger complex
Activin
134
Acrosome of sperm is derived from …
Golgi body
135
Chemoreceptors in medulla are sensitive to …..
Pancreatic lipase requires which substance to digest lipids
Max PG conc found in …..
H+ in CSF
Colipase
Seminal fluid
136
Hepcidin inhibits …..
Human cardiac muscle contains ….
Time needed for development of spermatozoa from spermatogonium
Transfer of iron into enterocytes
Both alpha and beta heavy chains of myosin
70-75 days
137
Processing of tactile stimulation is ….
Hypercapnia acts on ventilation through …..
Area 1,2,3
Type 1 glomus cells in carotid bodies
138
Apical membrane of parietal cells contain which channels
Purely depolarising cells in optic pathway
Purkinje fivers are ….
H+K+ATPASE
Amacrine cells
Modified cardiac cells
139
Sensitivity of central chemoreceptors in COPD
Max equilibrium potential is for …..ion
Decreased H+
K+
140
In laminar flow, what happens to blood flow of diameter of vessel is reduced to half ?
Feature of decorticate rigidity
Blood flow decreases by 16 times
Less pronounced than decerebrate
141
Total body water volume
Max air volume in lung
42 L
6L
142
Receptor of inverse stretch reflex
Motor supply to muscle spindle is through
Golgi tendon organ
Gamma neuron
143
Tonic clinic reflex is lost in lesion of ……
Reflex absent in decorticate animal …..
Stagnant hypoxia is seen in ……
Medulla
Long loop stretch reflex
Shock
144
In early phase division of spermatogonia is by …..
Maximum Co2 is in which vessels …..
Mitosis
Pulmonary artery
145
Neurotransmitter in subthalamic nuclei
Active tension in a muscle depends on …..
Glutamate
No of motor units recruited
146
Coronary blood flow is regulated by …..
Initial rapid repolarization in cardiac muscles is mediated through ……
Fructose uptake in small intestine is via …..
Local muscle action and reflexes
Closure of sodium channels
Facilitated diffusion by GLUT5
147
Troponin C mediated function is of ….
Ferritin biosynthesis is regulated by serum levels of which substance
PTH increases calcium absorption by acting at …..
Actin
Iron
DCT
148
Which form of vit D is measured in serum?
Which GLUT facilitates glucose diffusion in RBC?
Baseline membrane potential of hair cells
25-OH vit D
GLUT 1
-60mv
149
Function of Golgi apparatus
BBB is absent in ……
Bile acids are reabsorbed from …..
Glycosylation
Neurohypophysis
Ileum
150
2nd messenger in vagal bradycardia
Shape of Hb dissociation curve is sigmoid shape because ….
How is smooth muscle physiology different from skeletal muscle physiology?
CAMP
Co-operativity phenomenon
Troponin is absent
151
Collecting duct has which cells?
Which is a Gprotein coupled receptor?
Signal from baroreceptor goes to ……
Principle and intercalated cells
M2 muscarinic
Rostral Ventrolateral medulla
152
Normal respiratory compliance
Negative intrapleural pressure is due to …..
200ml/cm water
Absorption by lymphatics
153
Max storage of magnesium is in ….
Which substance inhibits iron absorption?
Function of basal ganglia from thalamus is controlled by ….
Bones
Hepcidin
Anterior nucleus
154
Nerve growth factor is required for growth of …..
Fastest conduction is in which modality of sense
Sympathetic neurons
Proprioception
155
In which type of hypoxia AV o2 difference is maximum
When does apneusis occurs?
Stagnant
Lesions in mid pontine with damaged vagus
156
Down regulation of hormone means
Vagal stimulation in heart causes decrease in heart rate by …..
Max pressure in ventricle is …..
Decreases affinity to receptors
Decrease in slope of prepotential
120mmHg
157
Major contribution to semen is from…..
Value of reduced HB in blood is normally ….
Important role of DCT in acid base balance
Seminal vesicle
3%
Secretion of ammonia
158
Fertilisation is complete when …..
Pyrogens act on which site of brain
Equilibrium potential of chloride ions is ….
2nd polar body is formed
Hypothalamus
-70mV
159
Sequence of transport of seminal vesicles
Endoplasmic reticulum —> Cis end of Golgi apparatus—> trans-end of Golgi apparatus—> cell membrane
160
Define single breath nitrogen method
Inside hepatocyte, bilirubin is bonded by ….protein
Method of measurement of how much inspired air ventilates the alveoli
Ligandin
161
Minimum filtration through glomerulus is for …..
Action potential generates from …..
Myoglobin
Initial segment of nerve
162
Location of satiety centre
Muscle tone is maintained by …..
Ventrolateral
Muscle spindle
163
Kinesthetic sensation is transmitted by …..nerve
Renin secretion is not increased by ….
Beta type of sensory nerve
Sodium in PCT
164
Not a content of gastric juice
Oxygen affinity is NOT increased by ….
Blood supply during exercise is increased in….
Calcium
Hypoxia
Coronary circulation
165
Structure NOT forming a filtration barrier in nephrons
Mesangium
166
Appreciation of shape and size of an object placed in hand is lost in lesion of ….
Enzyme NOT secreted by endocrinology part of pancreas
Tractus cuneatus
Chymotripsin
167
Brain uses …..in times of starvation
Protein estimation test is confused with ….
Ketones
Phosphates
168
Furasol Da is used to …
2,3DPG is found in higher conc in ….
Used to increase O2 delivery to tissues
Adult blood
169
Not a known function in hypothalamus
Increased ratio of insulin to glucagon causes…
Increase in heart rate with exercise
Decreased level of cAMP
170
After traumatic blood loss, first change noticed in peripheral blood is…
In SI absorptive rate of sugar is highest for ….
Reticulocytosis
Hexose
171
Role of vitamin K in lost translational modification of clotting factors is by ….
Shivering is caused by stimulation of fibres coming from….
Carboxylation
Posterior hypothalamus
172
Mechanism of heat loss from a normal person when environmental temperature is 106F/41 C and relative humidity <10% is….
Radius of great vessel increased by 2 times, velocity of blood is ….
Radiation
Decreased by 4 times
173
Glomerular filteration of substance depends on …..
Which plasma protein maximally increases plasma velocity?
What is controlled by tubuloglomerular feedback?
Binding capacity of albumin
Globulin
GFR
174
Deficiency of somatomedin C results in…..
Most important intercellular buffer
Glomerulotubular feedback is for regulation of absorption of …..
Growth retardation
Phosphate
Sodium
175
Total surface area of respiratory membrane is ….
Effect of platelet activating factor is …..
100m2
Mesangial cell contraction
176
Poiseuille equation is ….
Blood flow directly proportional to 4th power of radius
177
Unspecified pain pathway is for which type of pain
In average adult, stroke volume per minute is …
Psychogenic pain
60-70cc
178
Coronary blood flow is ….
GLUT2 is involved in active transport of glucose in …..
Glomerular capillary pressure is …..
250ml/min
Small intestine
60mmHg
179
Which hormone decreases instestinal motility
Ph of gastric HCL is ….
Gastro colic reflex is related to …..
Glucagon
0.8
Recital contraction
180
Pressure is transmitted by which tract …..
Receptors to touch
Anterior spinothalamic tract
Merkels disc
181
Oxygen content in saturated arterial blood is ….
Basic repiratory rhythm is generated in the ….
19.4ml/100ml
Medulla
182
Cyanosis is seen in which type of hypoxia
Peak testosterone levels are seen at about ….
Plasma volume is ….
Stagnant
7-8 pm
3500ml
183
Motility of cell is due to which protein
In excitable cells, repolarization is most closely associated with efflux of ……
Tubulin
Potassium ions
184
Cardiac muscle acts as a syncytium because of structural presence of ……
Conduction of nerve impulses at synapse is unidirectional because of ……
Gap junctions
Dendrites and body have no neurotransmitters
185
Free hb can’t be filtered through glomerulus because of …..
Skeletal muscle contraction ends when …
It’s large size
Decreased calcium outside reticulum
186
LH surge is associated with …….
Effect of Bainbridge reflex
Increase estrogen, decrease progesterone
Tachycardia
187
While doing a neurosurgery, the paracentral lobule was accidentally damaged, this will result in …..
Involvement of Perinium and lower limbs
188
1 alpha OH in vit D metabolism takes place in ….
Trace element reabsorbed in proximal intestine is ….
Kidney
Iron
189
A man can’t digest CHO due to deficiency of …..
While measuring Bp a patient reports abnormal feeling in finger tips following involuntary spasm of fingers due to ….
Amylase
Hypocalcemic tetany
190
Which clotting factor is initiator of extrinsic pathway of coagulation
If diameter of lumen is decreased by half, velocity of blood would be ….
Factor 7
Increased by 4 times
191
Increase in GFR is observed if there is decrease in …..
Glomerular capillary oncotic pressure
