Def causes BeriBeri (Increased pyruvate conc) Weakness Memory Loss Neuritis

Causes decarboxylation of : 1. Glutamate -> GABA 2. Histidine -> Histamine 3. Tryptophan -> Serotonin

1. Parkinsons (decreased dopamine) 2. Depression (decreased dop/epi/nor) 3. Alkaptonuria (abnormal catabolism of tyrosine)

Biochemistry Flashcards by Christina Welgemoed

Water soluble vitamins

B complex and C

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Lipid soluble vitamins

A, D, E and K

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B1 (Thiamine)

Def causes BeriBeri (Increased pyruvate conc)

Weakness
Memory Loss
Neuritis

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B2 (Riboflavin)

FAD (Active form)

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B3 (Niacin)

NAD (Active form)
Converts lactate to pyruvate using LDH
Def causes pellagra (Dementia, Diarrhea and Dermatitis)

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B6 (Pyridoxine)

Causes decarboxylation of :

Glutamate -> GABA
Histidine -> Histamine
Tryptophan -> Serotonin

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Vit C (Ascorbic Acid)

Def = Scurvy 
* Gingavitis 
* Ptechial hemorrhage 
* Bleeding gums 
Causes hydroxylation of lysine and proline 
Helps with collagen formation

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Vit A ( Retinol)

Cis = night blindness 
Trans = regeneration of epithelial tissue

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Vit D3 (Calciferol)

Active form = calcitriol

Def = Rickets (children) / Osteomalacia (adults)

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Vit E (Alpha Tocopherol)

Strongest antioxidant = protects from cancers etc

Given to pregnant women

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Vit K (Menaquionone)

Activates/carboxylates coagulation factors
Def = Hemorrhage
Carboxylates glutamic acid

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Methotrexate

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (THF isnt produced and cell division stops)
Used to treat leukemia

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B9 in bacteria

Decrease under treatment with sulphonamides (Inhibits PABA)

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Cause of pernicious anemia

Decrease of intrinsic factors

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Lysosyloxidase deficiency causes?

Collagen destruction

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Antioxidant vitamins

E, C and A

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Vikasol treats?

Vit K deficiencies

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Liver failure due to ?

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol deficiency

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Alanine

Alanine -> Pyruvate (E= Alanine amino transferase)

Transports ammonia to the liver

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Tyrosine deficiency?

Parkinsons (decreased dopamine)
Depression (decreased dop/epi/nor)
Alkaptonuria (abnormal catabolism of tyrosine)

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Dopamine synthesis occurs where?

Substantia nigra

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What causes an increase of AST/ ALT?

Liver pathologies (e.g. Hepatitis)
Starvation (ALT increases)
MI (AST increases)

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Malabsorption of tryptophan

Hartnap disease

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Tryptophan

Deficiency = Pellegra
* Vit B6 converts tryptophan to B3 and serotonin
Increases serotonin

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Erythropoietic porphyria

Incr/Decr of uroporphyrinogen 1

Cardiac arrhythmia

Hypokalemia

Hepatic cirrhosis

Increase hippuric acid in urine

What does MOA (Monoamine Oxidase) inhibit ?

Serotonin and noradrenaline

Presence of hydroxyproline/hydroxylysine

Collagenosis

Deficiency of phenyalanine?

Albinism | * Phenyalanine -> tyrosine -> melanin

Where is citrullenne found?

Ornithinic cycle

Carnitine

Transports FA from cytosol to mitochondria

Phenylketonuria

Olive green urine

Glycated hemoglobin

Allows to estimate glycemia rate

Presence of ketone bodies

Metabolic acidosis

Where is carbon labelled glucose found?

Palmitic Acid

Kalikine

Protein inhibited by contrical

Dark yellow feces

Unconjugated bilirubin (Jaundice)

Colorless feces

Conjugated bilirubin (Jaundice)

Cushings syndrome

Increase gluconeogenesis

Timaline

Given for bronchopenumonia

Creatine vs creatinine ?

Creatine in urine = Muscle dystrophy | Creatinine in urine = Kidney pathology (K for Kidneys - Kreatinine in krok)

Hyperlipoproteinanemia Type 11a

Increased LDL

Bile acid deficiency

Steatorrhoea

Glycogenosis

Glycogen phosphorylase deficiency

Insulin

Activates glycogen synthesis | Deactivates glycogen phosphorylase

Haemolytic anemia

Due to G6P dehydrogenase deficiency

Xanthine oxidase deficiency

Increased accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine

Isomers

Same function but different function (catalyze the same reactions)

Aldosteronism

Affects adrenal glands

Endonuclease

Restores native DNA structure in cells

Increased LDH, AST and creatine phosphokinase

Cataract

Glycosylation of eye proteins

Pagets disease

Destroys collagen | * Increased oxyproline in urine

Glycolysis

Causes lactate accumulation in muscles

Disturbed purine metabolism

Increased urate conc

Glutamic acid

Detoxifies NH4 in brain tissue

Cyanide

Affects cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria

CRP (C Reactive Protein) in blood

Rheumatism

Ceruloplasmin

Carries Copper (E.g. Wilsons Disease)

Bence Jones Proteins

Myeloma | aka paraproteins

Infiltration of fat steatosis

Loss of phosphatidylcholine

Calcitonin

Stimulates tooth mineralization

Vit D, E, K

Affected by gallbladder removal / bile reduction

Trans retoinic acid

Penetrates nuclear membrane

Lysyl oxidase

Causes collagen issues

Gastromucoprotein

Absorbs Vit B12

Isoniazid

Affects VitB3 (NAD) and B6

Choline

Causes fatty liver infiltration

Purines

Increase uric acid

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

BCAAs | Maple syrup disease

Perioxidase

Breaks down H2O2

Tyrosine deficiency

Increased homogenistic acid formation

LDH1,2 LDH3 LDH4 LDH5

Heart damage Lung damage Kidney damage Liver/smooth muscle damage

S.Sonne

Dysentry

Precursors for POMC

Lipotropin,corticotropin etc

Cyanide

Affects cytochrome oxidase (aa3)

No mitochondria

Anaerobic glycolysis

No ATP synthesis

Membrane rest potential disappears

Atopy

Asthmatic attack

Hepatic steatosis

Disrupts phosphatidylcholine

Protein starvation

Decreased albumins

Lysyl oxidase

Issues with collagen

Streptokinase

Induces platelet lysis

Chronic alcoholism

Thiamine deficiency

Deficiency of B9/B12

Megaloblastic anemia | Atrophy of tongue

Absent glycogene phosphorylase in liver

Causes low glucose in blood stream

Co enzyme A

Derived from pantothenic acid

Cortisol

Glucocorticoid

Niemann-Pick disease

Sphingomyelinase deficiency

Von Gierke's Disease

Absence of G6P,hypoglycemia, and hepatomegaly.

Bromide poisoning

Use NaCl

Alkaptonuria

Black urine

Biochemistry Flashcards

(93 cards)