Revision Flashcards by Christina Welgemoed

Closer to helicotrema (Corti’s Organ)

Low frequency

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Closer to oval foramen (Corti’s Organ)

High frequency

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Bone conduction

Inner ear 
(Bone problem but air fine = inner ear issue)

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Air conduction

All parts of ear

Air problem but bone fine = middle/outer ear issue

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Adrenal cortex layers

Glomerular = Aldosterone 
Fasicular = Cortisal 
Reticular = Androgen

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Adrenal medulla hormone

Adrenaline / Nor adrenaline

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Invasive stage of cholera

Adolescaria

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Leffler stain

Blue (gonorrhea)

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Skeletal mm receptors

N cholinergic (in synapse)

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“Owls Eye”

Cytomegalovirus

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Bordetella test

Bordet - Gengou

Mercury colonies)

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Chronic gastritis drug

Pirenzipine

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What blocks lipioc acid

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

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Benadryl use

Anti histamine

SE: Sleepy

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Cause of acute renal failure

Decreased [arterial]

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Cause of chronic renal failure

Decreased active nephron mass

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Free HB in blood

Acquired hemolytic

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Factor VIII

Responsible for thromboplastin formation

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Increased carbomoyl phosphate

Increased orotic acid

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Brills disease

Reinfection of typhus

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Difference between immune and allergy

Development of tissue lesion

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Flilform papillae

Cause white coat

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Epstein Barr

Mononucleosis

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Trigeminal exit

Supraorbital foramen

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Ang II causes

Arterial constriction

Hearing impariment

Paralysis of stapedius mm

Hepatic steatosis

Disruption of phosphatidylcholine

Basedows disease

Foamy collioiditis

Ketoacidosis

Increased acetoacetate

Creatine vs Creatinine

``` Creatine = mm Creatinine = kidneys ```

Adenocarcinoma

Cancer of glandular structure

How many bronchopulmonary segments in the Inf. lobe of the lung

BP 100 - 150 / 150 - 200

100 - 150 = Sinus tachycardia | 150 - 200 = Paroxysmal tachycardia

Gunthers Disease

Uro III co synthase

Alkaptonuria

Tyrosine disorder

Mesenteric root

Duodenal flexure

Dagini Aschner relfex

Press on eyeball to decrease tachycardia

Dimercaprol

2 sulphur groups

Ethanol

Methanol antidote

"Lol"

Beta blocker

Doxycyline

Avoid long stay in the sun

PCR

HBA-DNA

Hypolipidemia IIa and IIb

``` IIa = LDL IIb = VDL and LDL ```

Fibroadenoma

Breast nodule

Ascoli test

Anthrax

Pathological hyporegeneration

Pseudoathrosis

Fiber myelinogenesis

Sphingolipids

Gierkes disease

G6P deficiency

What prevents steatosis

Meth. B6 and B12

Rotavirus

"Wheel"

Left shift on oxyheam curve

Acidosis

Aminoacidemia

Increased proteolysis

"Sheild shaped" kidney

Chronic pyelonephritis

Ozheshko method

Studies spores

Mech vs Hemolytic Jaundice

``` Mech = Bile duct issue (conjugated and colorless) Hem = RBC issue (Non conugated and colour) ```

Where is the hepatic duct found

Between the leaves of hepatoduodenal ligament

Increased citric acid

Kidney stones

Affect of botulism

Respiratory arrest

Interferons

Antiviral agents synthesized by lymphocytes

Castle intrinsic factor deficiency

B 12 Def anemia

Macula densa cells

Detect Na changes in urine

Treatment for hypothyriodism

L thyroxine

What causes ulcers in gerbils

Leishmania

Furnucle

Bluish red with yellow centre

Vaques disease

Neoplastic erythroid hyperplasia

What causes tonsilitis

Streptococcus

What is given for alcoholic psychosis

Aminizine

What is given for paralysis

Proserin

Eosinophillia

Allergic reactions

Hypersthenic body

Left axis heart deviation

Low carnitine

Obesity

Erythropoiesis

Force out of nucleus

What is CI in glaucoma

Atropine sulphate

Broad spectrum antibiotic

Doxycycline

Virchows bodies

Leprosy

Anesthetic that also treats ventricular tachycardia

Lidocaine

What is amlodipine

Calcium chanel blocker

What causes oedema

Decreased albumin

Palisade structures

Granulomas

What hormone doe lutein cells secrete

Progesterone

What does morphine poisoning cause

Ventilatory disregulation

Where is Meckel's diverticulum found

Ileum

Ant vs Post quadrigeminal tuburcle

Ant (Inf) = Orientation | Post (Sup) = Mydriasis/myosis

Macrocytic anemia

Folic acid def

Virulence measurement unit

DLM

Co enzyme A

Pantothenic acid

Antihypertensive for Ang II

Lisinopril

Semicircular canals

Angular accleration

Heparin antagonist

Protamine sulfate

Regnerative vs degenerative shift

Stab/immature = regen No stab = Degen If stab>seg = R shift If seg>stab = L shift

Where is fibrinogen produced

Liver

What activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis

Corticoliberin

H2 agonists are used for

Hyperacidity

What innervates the parotid gland

N. petrosus minor

Colonies surronded by hemolysis zone

Clostridium perfingens

Blood "sludge"

Viscous blood

Function of B1

Keto acid decarboxylation

Whartons jelly

Umblical cord

"Crunchy lungs"

Emphysema

B lactam antibiotic (inhibits murein production)

Penicillin

Volutin granules

Diptheria

Hyperchromic nuclei

Small cell carcinoma

Produce pyrogens

Monocytes

Central artery

SpleenSpleen

Pale bluish film on growth medium

Cholera

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

Decreased IgM and T cells

Causes pain along vein

CaCl

Bezredka method

Bind mast cell fixed IgE

Where is the eustachian tube located

Canalis musculotubaris

Deformed QRS complex and disconnected P waves

Complete AV block

Lymph capillary

No basement membrane

Incomplete vs Absolute starvation

``` Incomplete = cause is known Absolute = cause is not known ```

Widal test

Typhoid fever

what is NO synthesized from

L - arginine

What transports ammonia to the liver

Alanine

Castles extrinsic

Cobalimine

% peptone/alkaline

Cholera

Carpal tunnel

N.medianus

Type II alveolar

Respiratory functions

Aschoffs body

Rheumatism

Propranolol

Antihypertensive

Decreased WBC/RBC/Hb and megaloblasts present

Folic acid deficiency

Streptokinase

Causes platelet lysis

Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome

Decreased thiamine

Basophills

Increased wall permeability

How do you decrease bp

Block alpha adreno receptors

Proserin

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Hemosiderosis

Brown lungs

Decreased enterokinase

Problem with protein hydrolysis

Oil processing

Exposed to polycyctic aromatic hydrocarbons

AV node

Decreased velocity of excitation

Lisinopril

ACE inhibitors

Fluorouracil

Inhibits DNA synthesis

Peyers patch

Ileum

Hyperventilation

Decreased pCO2

ATP syntase

ATP synthesis in mitochondria

C peptide detachment

Protein modification

Heparin

Glycosaminoglycan

Decreased albumin

Increased ESR

Atropine

Induces long term muscle relaxation

Where is kidney located

12th rib bisects kidney

What affects novocaine

Local tissue acidosis

Paneth cells

Antimicrobial cells of SI

Lisinopril

ACE inhibitor (use for hypertension caused by Ang II)

Famotidine

H2 blocker (peptic ulcer)

Seasonal allergy

Increased capillary permeability (E.g. edema)

What do working muscles use for energy

Fatty Acidosis

Decreased Na+ and H2O reabsorption

Due to naturetic hormone

Adenohypophysis

Chromophile and chromophone cells

Antinociceptive

Increased pain threshold

What does oxaloacetate utilizes

Acetyl Coa

What does troponin bind

Ca 2+

What does DIC cause ?

Septic shock (Petechial haem etc)

Diazepam

Benzodizapine drug

Hemomelanin

Associated with malaria

"Grape clusters"

Staphylcocci

Increased temperature

Monocytosis

Helminths

Increased eosinophills

Decompression sickness

N2 (gas embolism)

Urinary bladder

Transitional epithelium

Cardiac arrest

Increased vagal tone

R-R interval

``` Increased = Tachycardia R-R = Bradycardia ```

Upper vs lower oedema

``` Upper = Decreased oncotic pressure Lower = Increased hydrostatic pressure ```

"Do before you feel"

``` Pre = motor Post = sens ```

Heparin

Glycosaminoglycans

Pancreatitis

Increased amylase levels

Annulocytes

Hypochromic anemia

Innervation of tongue

``` 2/3 = Trigeminal 1/3 = chordae tympani ```

Hyperventilation

Decreased pCO2

Retina

Rods and Cones

Vibrio

Cholera

Where is fibrinogen produced

Liver

Anthrax prophylaxis

Live Vaccine

Cattarrhal inflammation

Inflammation of mucus membranes

What does pancreatic juice digest

Protein Fat Carbohydrates

One organ is bigger than the other due to over work

Vicarious hypertrophy

Blood glucose level returns to normal after 3 hours

Subclinical diabetes

Homogenistic acid oxidase enzyme deficiency

Alkaptonuria

What does the vestibular nuclei control

The extensor muscle tone

Venous congestion and phlepostasis

Necrotic nephrosis

Esionophillia

Allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Hypothyriodism

Treated by l thyroxine

Collapse

Sudden drop in bp

Extrasystole

Extra contraction