Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Week 7

Question 1

What are phospholipids

Answer 1

major component of cell membrane

Question 2

what is amphipathic

Answer 2

phosphlipid bilayer
hydrophobic tail
hydrophiliic head

Question 3

the cell membrane is called a

Answer 3

fluid mosaic

Question 4

what are the components of the cell membrane

Answer 4

phospholipid bilayer
integral proteins/glycoproteins
peripheral proteins
cholesterol

Question 5

what is the lipid bilayer consist of

Answer 5

phosophlipids
cholesterol
glycolipids

Question 6

what is glycocalyx

Answer 6

outer sugary coat

glycoporteins and glycolipids

Question 7

what kinds of proteins are in the lipid bilayer

Answer 7

peripheral

integral or transmembrane

Question 8

what does the hydrophobic core do

Answer 8

allows small, non polar, uncharged molecules to pass through the membrane easily

Question 9

examples of what passes through the membrane easily

Answer 9

O2 and Co2

Question 10

What are transmembrane proteins

Answer 10

large molecules, ions, and hydrophilic molecules

very selective

Question 11

large sized, hydrophilic, ionic molecules need transport via

Answer 11

integral proteins

Question 12

____ soluble molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane

Answer 12

lipid soluble

Question 13

large molecules that cannot diffuse through lipids cannot cross the plasma membrane unless they are transported by a

Answer 13

carrier mechanism

Question 14

diffusion

Answer 14

movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 15

the rate at which molecules diffuse across the membrane depends on

Answer 15

solubility and size

Question 16

hydrophobic molecule diffusion

Answer 16

diffuse across the membrane easily

Question 17

small molecules diffuse across more ____ than large molecules

Answer 17

quickly

Question 18

Simple diffusion

Answer 18

random process: molecules move around on their own until they are spread out
movement of solute

Question 19

is simple diffusion active or passive

Answer 19

passive

Question 20

rate of simple diffusion dependent on

Answer 20

concentration gradient

electrical gradient

Question 21

simple diffusion occurs for what kind of molecules

Answer 21

O2, CO2, steroids

Question 22

osmosis

Answer 22

water will move from its own high to its own low concentration
or from the side with low solute concentration to the side with high solute concetration

Question 23

what has the highest priority for diffusion

Answer 23

water

Question 24

osmosis is movement through a ____ membrane

Answer 24

semi-permeable

Question 25

in osmosis the membrane is

Answer 25

permeable to solvent | not permeable to solute

Question 26

hypotonic solution

Answer 26

lower solute concentration than another | cells gain water and burst

Question 27

hypertonic solution

Answer 27

higher solute concentration than another solution | cells lose water and shrivel

Question 28

isotonic solution

Answer 28

equal concentration to another solution | cell stays the same

Question 29

what kind of materials can't get through the cell membrane on their own

Answer 29

large molecules polar molecules glucose ions

Question 30

how do the material that can't get through the cell membrane on their own diffuse?

Answer 30

facilitaed diffusion | transport proteins help molecules through membranes

Question 31

requirements for facilitated diffusion

Answer 31

carrier protein or channel protein there must be a concentration gradient passive process

Question 32

trasport proteins

Answer 32

channel proteins | carrier proteins

Question 33

what are channel proteins

Answer 33

tiny hydrophilic pores

Question 34

what are carrier proteins

Answer 34

bind and transport/change shape | like glucose

Question 35

what is the driving force for simple and facilitated diffusion

Answer 35

concentration gradient

Question 36

passive needs what kind of energy

Answer 36

no energy

Question 37

what is active transport

Answer 37

the movement of solute molecules across a membrane with the use of cellular energy

Question 38

why is energy needed in active transport

Answer 38

because the direction of movement is against the concentration gradient

Question 39

what is required for an active transport

Answer 39

carrier protein

Question 40

what are the three kinds of passive transport

Answer 40

diffusion through the lipid bilayer diffusion through a channel facilitated diffusion

Question 41

what kind of transport is the sodium/potassium pump

Answer 41

active transport

Question 42

endocytosis

Answer 42

materials move into the cell in a vesicle formed by the plasma membrane

Question 43

exocytosis

Answer 43

materials move out of the cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

Question 44

endocytosis and exocytosis require

Answer 44

energy

Question 45

what is phagocytosis

Answer 45

a type of endocytosis material take in is large the membrane engulfs it a vesicle is formed by specialized cells

Question 46

what is pinocytosis

Answer 46

a type of endocytosis a tiny drop of extracellular fluid is engulfed by the membrane vesicle is tiny most cells can do this

Question 47

what type of diffusion is receptor mediated

Answer 47

endocytosis

Question 48

characteristics of exocytosis

Answer 48

all cells do this | especially important in secretory cells and nerve cells

Question 49

diffusion allows cells to

Answer 49

obtain or release a variety of important materials such as oxygen

Question 50

diffusion is effective in situations where materials must be moved down a

Answer 50

concentration gradient

Question 51

facilitated diffusion is essential in moving

Answer 51

charged or large solute molecules

Question 52

facilitated diffusion gradient si from

Answer 52

high to love

Question 53

is energy needed for facilitated diffusion?

Answer 53

no

Question 54

osmos regualtes ___ inside cells

Answer 54

pressure

Question 55

osmosis is active or passive?

Answer 55

passive

Question 56

active transport cells may required _____

Answer 56

nutrients to be maintained at different concentrations inside the cell than is normally rpesent outside of the cell

Question 57

active transport requires or does not require energy?

Answer 57

requires

Question 58

what is receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 58

important substances needed by the body | vitamins, anti-bodies, LDLs, transferrin, hormones

Question 59

what are the types of active transports

Answer 59

``` active transport endocytosis exocytosis receptor mediated endocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis ```

Question 60

what are the passive transports

Answer 60

osmosis diffusion facilitated diffusion

Question 61

a red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution gains or loses water

Answer 61

gains

Question 62

the movement of molecules form an area of low to high concentration requires

Answer 62

cellular energy | integral proteins

Question 63

the movement of sodium ions out of a cell from an area of low solute sodium ion concentration to an area of higher sodium ion concetrations would be a process called

Answer 63

active transport

Question 64

pinocytosis is an example of

Answer 64

active transport