biodiversity

Question 1

how many species have we named

Answer 1

so far, we have named 2.1 million species, every year we name about 18000 species

Question 2

what are the problems that arise with counting species

Answer 2

-inaccessible species
-cryptic species
-complex life cycle (sex makes them look different) (polymorphism)

Question 3

what does symbiotic mean

Answer 3

interaction between two species

Question 4

how do we estimate the number of species

Answer 4

we use scaling laws. estimate total species by studying the relationship between the discovery rate or new species and discovery of new higher groups such as phyla and orders. we have accurately predicted number of mammals and birds

Question 4

why is everything considered insects

Answer 4

we discover 18000 new species each year and they are mostly inveterbrates (animals without backbones)

Question 5

what is the biggest number of species

Answer 5

insects are the biggest number of species

Question 6

what is biodiversity

Answer 6

diversity of life on earth

Question 7

what are the components of biodiversity

Answer 7

genetic diversity
species diversity
ecosystem diversity

Question 8

explain genetic rescue

Answer 8

taking genetics from one population and bring another type of genetic in the population to prevent inbred eg. mountain possum. - produced more and healthier offspring

Question 9

what are the types of species diversity

Answer 9

alpha diversity (local diversity) : number of species within an area
beta diversity (species turnover) : differen in species between areas
gamma diversity (regional diversity) : Total amount of diversity across a landscape or all areas combined

Question 10

how dow measure diversity

Answer 10

quadrats - transect and we put the squares in the same distances and count the amount of species you see there. the size depends on what you are measuring

Question 10

why do we measure diversity

Answer 10

they tell us different things about the environment
monoculture agriculture: low alpha, beta and gamma diversity
urban: low alpha, high beta, and medium gamma
bushland: high alpha, beta and gamma.

Question 11

explain ecosystem diversity

Answer 11

number of ecosystems in a landscape. ecosystems is defined as a community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together. you use it to understand diversity of a bigger land

Question 12

wha is evenness

Answer 12

relates to distribution of species

Question 13

explain biodiversity indices

Answer 13

account for abundance, evenness in addition to number of species. can be challenging to interpret precisely

Question 14

explain the Gini Simpson index of diversity

Answer 14

measures two probability that two individuals drawn randomly from a sample will be different. it takes into account evens and species richness. its sensitive to changes in dominant species and tends to emphasis eveness.

Question 15

how do you measure Gini Simpson index of diversity

Answer 15

total number of individuals of species in the sample and the total number of individual samples. if there are many species or if eveness is high, then index values are high

Question 16

what are the types of indexes

Answer 16

they all try to capture the abundance and evenness. its just important to know what each is measuring and emphasising

Question 17

explain the problems with using spices diversity in conservation

Answer 17

diversity can increase due to introduction but remove native animals as a result

Question 18

explain the terms endemic

Answer 18

species that refer to species that can only be found to a particular area

Question 19

why is understanding what endemic is important

Answer 19

biodiversity intactness indicator- measures intact area and count the number of species are there and that becomes the reference. they then figure out the amount of spices have been lost or the amount of biodiversity maintained. it tries to avoid counting non- native species

Question 20

explain the concept of age diversity

Answer 20

we kill older and bigger animals. we change the age structure and limited the diversity in ages.

Question 21

explain the biodiversity crisis

Answer 21

we are 1000x above normal rate with 0.1% of living things go extinct each year. mammals and birds are extermyl high while invertebrates are not in the chart because they are not studied well. australis has worlds highest rate of mammalian extinction

Question 21

why should we care about the biodiversity crisis

Answer 21

our well being is intrinsically linked to biodiversity. when we lose species, we lose more than we think- things that are symbiotic with them etc.