Darwinian evolution

Question 1

who is Marry Anning

Answer 1

kickstarted the field of palaeontology. collected dinosaur bones and sold them to scientists

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

great history of being. static world view

Question 3

book of animals kutab al hayawan

Answer 3

explained the shared ancestors of foxes, dogs and wolves chi is the beginning of evolutionary thought

Question 4

explain the concept of catastrophism

Answer 4

changes in the earths crust during history resulted from sudden violent and unseal events and that this is what killed creatures in the past- explained why fossils are spread around in different areas of the world. it doesn’t say that new animals come into existence it just says that huge disasters cause things t extinct

Question 4

explain the concept of uniformatarianism

Answer 4

geological processses we see today have been shaping the earth for million of years. there are things that we see now that have happened before and will continue to happen in the future

Question 5

explain Lamarckism

Answer 5

traits that you get because you are using them or not can be transmissible to your offspring. eg. blacksmith. he believed that giraffes originally had short necks but overtime it became longer. Weismann (1890) cut mice tails and did this for generation but did not work.

Question 6

why is Charles Darwin important

Answer 6

saw changes in animals and plants as he was in the voyage. he produced the first phylogenetic tree which explained that organisms shared ancestors.

Question 7

who is Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 7

co discoverer of evolution by natural selection. he was a naturalist. he hallucinates the theory of evolution.

Question 8

explain the theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 8

1. more individuals are produced each generation than can survive to reproduce
2. variation in fitness exists between individual within a population- survival of the fittest- individuals with certain characteristics are more likely to reproduce in a population
3. fitter individuals contribute more offspring to subsequent generations
4. differences between individuals are inherited- different form Lamarck because he says that not all differences are inheritable

Question 9

what are the four preconditions of natural selection

Answer 9

1.reprodcution
2. heredity- passing of genes.
3.variation in characteristics
4. variation in the fitness of organisms associated with their various characteristics - selection pressure (individuals that are the fittest)

Question 10

who is Gregor Mendel

Answer 10

came with the idea of genes. proved the mechanism of hereditary

Question 11

define evolution

Answer 11

involves changes in the genetic compositions of populations or changes in gene pools of populations- process that results in heritable changes in a population - our gene pool responds to selective pressure

Question 12

what are the misconceptions of the theory of evolution

Answer 12

• evolution is a theory: disproved because theory in science is explanation or some aspect of the world that can be repeatedly tested and provide the same results.
• evolution has never been observed: happens in a long time usually but can be seen in diseases or killing elephants with tusks or artificial selection in dogs
• there are no transitional fossils:
• there theory of evolution is based on random chance creates complexity: it is not. mutations in DNA can arise by change but what drives evolution is selection pressure.