how to build an animal

Question 1

definition of Animalia

Answer 1

comprises all multicellular eukaryotic organism with wall less non photosynthetic cells. animals are heterotrophs and MOST are mobile.

Question 2

what is placazoa

Answer 2

beginning of the phylogenetic tree.

Question 3

comparison between colonial and true muticellular organism

Answer 3

colonial are aseuxal organisms that are prokaryotic but combine to create a level of cooperation and specialisation. true multicellular are NOT individuals. they are all combined and have different organs.

Question 4

what are the two types of symmetry

Answer 4

radial: has an axis
bilateral: there is a plane of symmetry and is separated into left and right. this appeared during the Cambrian explosion.

Question 5

protostomes vd deuterostomes

Answer 5

both are bilateral symmetry. to detmien if they are protostomes or deuterostomses, you examine the cleavage stage.
-protostomes they have extra cellular support structure and internal cavity filled with fluid. cells undergo mitotic division during spiral cleavage and form a spine structure. after, they develop a column which will form the mouth.
-deuterostomes: when cleavage occurs, its a radial cleavage and theres two coeloms, first is anus and the second is the mouth.

Question 6

identifying kingdoms by tissues

Answer 6

sponges have a motile stage where the gametes are produced. it fulfils the definition of an animal. tissue forming organisms after cleavage and the embryo is forming, the tissue forming phyla form the germ cell layers. endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm.

Question 7

nadaria organism

Answer 7

2 life cycle stages and usually have the polyp and medusa stage. there are still different phyla

Question 8

Scyphozoa

Answer 8

mostly in medusa stage, it has the poly stage in a small time

Question 9

cnidaria

Answer 9

poly stage mostly. they are symbiotic and interact with algae. that’s what gives coral its colour.

Question 10

what is the lifecycle

Answer 10

class, polyp stage and medusa stage.

Question 11

internal structures in phylogenetic tree

Answer 11

no internal structure: invertebrates
internal structure: vertebrates- doenst need skeletal system necessarily.

Question 12

starfish as bilateral

Answer 12

starfish: has a bilateral stage, just not in adult

Question 13

chordates.

Answer 13

mesoderm makes the muscle and skeletal system but also the notochord- precursor to the nervous system. this allows cells of ectoderm to start differentiating the notochord proves information where the head and tail develops as well as lateral axis flexibility.
haggish - the notochord did this but the mesoderm hasn’t formed fully and differentiated.

Question 14

seasquirts

Answer 14

the notochord is reabsorbed as it matures.

Question 15

craniates

Answer 15

where there is fully developed mesoderm.

Question 16

what is cephalisation.

Answer 16

formation of head and brain. enhanced motility which enhanced predator prey relationships- there is interaction and therefore behavioral and nerve changes.

Question 17

how do animals reproduce

Answer 17

sexually. produce gametes, fertile and fuse, undergo cleavage, form immature and mature stage.

Question 18

how did gametes combine in the early stages of life.

Answer 18

broadcasting or mass spawning. both gametes are released. they can be hermaphoridtes (both amen and female, cannot self fertilise) and males and females.

Question 19

sperm casting and egg casting

Answer 19

spermcasting: sperm is released and inseminates the female. the egg is retained by female
eggcasting: egg are released by the female to the male
sex of organism does not determine the nurturing of the young.