molecular basis of inheritance Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is gene expression
transcription and translation
what did Rosalind found in DNA
DNA takes two forms and sugar phosphate is on the outside. molecules look the same upside down
explain the DNA structure
double helix: coiled coil
consists of: sugars, phosphate and bases
what do the backbone
sugars and phosphate
what are the bases we have
ATGC
what are the sugars made of
deoxyribose
what are the rules for
-Chargaffs rule:
A and T - form two bonds and G and C- form three bonds
-polarity: direction 5 prime o three prime
-anti parallel
what can DNA do
replicate, self repair and hold information
cell division
mitosis - somatic cells
and meiosis - germ line cells
how can DNA replicate
it gets unwind and copied. its semi conservative- half of parental DNA and half new DNA. the DNA polymerase is responsible for this. it can proofread it. direction is 5 prime to three prime
how can DNA self repair
mistakes can lead to mutations. it can detect it and fix it. DNA polymerase can make a mistake of 1 in 100 000 bases.
how can we retain information though DNA
the sequence in the specific order will give you a specific product. It’s a mechanism of hereditary.
how do we package DNA
chromosomes. DNA are wrapped in histones which make up the chromosome.
what is gene expression
transcription and translation which will make a protein
what are the properties of RNA
AUGC instead of ATGC
has ribose instead deoxyribose (no oxygen in the ribose sugar)
explain what codons are
they are triplet nucleotides. there are 64 codons or combinations of. the nucleotide bases. there are 3 stop codons (UAA, UAG and UGA and Methionine is start codons (AUG)
what do all amino acids have in their structure
Amino rouge, side chain and carboxyl group. the side R chain will determine their property.
what are the properties of amino acid
polar and non polar, positive and negative charge. they determine the structure of the amino acid and the structure will determine the function.
what is an example of genetically modified gene
cotton.
what can DNA do
replicate, repair and hold information
