Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Evolution

Question 1

Why Classification

Answer 1

1. Understand Phylogenetic History

2. Systematically Studies Organisms

Question 2

Linnaeus Classi Levels

Answer 2

1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Speicies

Question 3

Evolution Relationships Six Kingdoms

Answer 3

Common ancestor
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria Protista
Plantae
Animalia Fungi

Question 4

Six Kingdom

Answer 4

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 5

Three Domains

Answer 5

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 6

Eubacteria
What is it
Structure
Appearance
What it does

Answer 6

1. Unicellular Prokaryotes
2. Very Small
3. Flagellum Locomotion
4. Capsule
5. Circular DNA
6. Cell wall ~ Peptidoglycan
7. Rod-shaped, Spherical, Spiral
8. Disease, Producers, Cycling

Question 7

Archaebacteria
What is it
Structure

Answer 7

1. Unicellular Prokaryotes
2. Extreme Environment
3. Cell wall Different composition
4. Lipid membrane Different composition

Question 8

Protista
What is
Types of Protists

Answer 8

1. Eukaryotes
2. Mostly Unicellular
3. Protozoans
4. Algae
5. Slime mould

Question 9

Protozoans

Answer 9

Animal-like ~move

Eg Amoeba Paramecium

Question 10

Algae

Answer 10

Plant-like~photosynthesis

Question 11

Slime mould

Answer 11

Fungus-like

Question 12

Fungi
Structure
Nutrition
Reproduction

Answer 12

1. Multicellular
2. Thread-like Hyphae~interweave
3. Mycelium
4. Have Cell Wall, Not Cellulose
5. Saprophytic
6. Parasitic
7. No Chlorophyll
8. Spores

Question 13

Plantae
What is
Structure
Types

Answer 13

1. Autotrophs
2. Cell Wall Cellulose
3. Chlorophyll
4. Non-vascular
5. Vascular
6. Fern
7. Conifers
8. Flowering Plants

Question 14

Non-vascular plant
Structure
Habitat
Reproduction
Examples

Answer 14

1. No vascular tissue
2. No true roots
3. Rhizoids
4. Shady Damp places
5. Spores
6. Mosses

Question 15

Vascular Plant
Structure
Habitat
Types

Answer 15

1. Vascular Tissue
2. True roots
3. Damp dry place
4. Ferns
5. Conifers
6. Flowering Plants

Question 16

Theory of evolution

Answer 16

Life started from common ancestor

Question 17

Fossils
What is
Types

Answer 17

Preserved remains or trace of ancient organisms

Body fossils, trace fossils

Question 18

Formation of Fossils

Answer 18

1. Buried in Mud or Sand
2. Soft Part Decayed
3. After millions of years
4. Pressure sand to rocks
5. Minerals deposited on skeleton
6. Fossil formed
7. Earth movement fossil up
8. Further movement/Weathering exposes

Question 19

Other ways of Preserving

Answer 19

Trapped in Resin

Pressure forms Amber

Question 20

Fossils is evidence for

Answer 20

Arose from pre-existing lifeforms

More Complex and More Diversified with time

Question 21

Age of fossil, how?

Answer 21

Radioisotope Dating

Question 22

Limitations of fossils

Answer 22

Missing Links

1. Soft bodies
2. Decayed/ Eaten
3. Imcomplete fossils
4. Inaccessible places
5. Condition cannot form fossils

Question 23

Other Evidences

Answer 23

Homologous Structure

Comparative Biochemistry

Question 24

Homologous Structure

Answer 24

Different Function, Same Design

Pentadactyl Limbs
From Common Ancestor and Modified

Question 25

Comparative Biochemistry

Answer 25

Similarity of Chemistry 1. Amino acid 2. Base Sequence of DNA Note: Not DNA sequence, is base sequence

Question 26

Lamarckism

Answer 26

Environmentak changes create Needs Modify body, Repeatedly used, Well developed Acquired characters passed on to offsprings

Question 27

Darwinism

Answer 27

Natural Selection Competition - Struggle for Existence Variation - Survival of the Fittest Favourable characters accumulated λ favourable Not favourable = Lower chance of Survival and Reproduction After many generations, λ predominates.

Question 28

Natural Selection Answering

Answer 28

Variation exists. λ = Higher chance of Survival and Reproduction After many generations/ Repeated use Proportion of λ increases

Question 29

Speciation Answering Types

Answer 29

1. Isolated No interbred, No gene flow 2. Different enviroments Variations Natural Selection acts on them differently 3. After many generations Diversed variation Cannot produce Fertile offspring Geographical Isolation - Physical Barriers

Question 30

Ferns Appearance Repro

Answer 30

Long Feathery Leave | Spores

Question 31

Conifers Appearance Reproduction

Answer 31

Needle-shaped leaves | Cones with naked seeds

Question 32

Flowering plants 2 types of cotyledon Venation and no. of petals

Answer 32

Monocots - parallel venation - 3n petals | Dicots - net venation - 4n 5n petals

Question 33

Animalia | Typesbof Invertebrates

Answer 33

``` Fish Reptile Amphibians Bird Mammals ```

Question 34

Fish Characteristic

Answer 34

Fins and Gills Wet and Slimy Scales Poikilotherms External fertillization

Question 35

Reptiles

Answer 35

Dry and hard scales Lungs Poikilotherms Internal Fertillization

Question 36

Amphibians

Answer 36

Moist wet naked skin Larvae - gills Adults - lung + external slin surface Poikilotherms External Fertillization

Question 37

Bird

Answer 37

Beak and two wings Feathers Homoiotherms Internal Fertillization

Question 38

Mammals

Answer 38

Hair Mammary glands Homoiotherms Internal Fertillization