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Biology 20 > Biogeochemical Cycles > Flashcards

Biogeochemical Cycles Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

All available ______ is on Earth.

A

Matter

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2
Q

What must be recycled to sustain life?

A

Water and Nutrients

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3
Q

Living

A

Biotic

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4
Q

Non-Living

A

Abiotic

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5
Q

What passes between the Biotic and Abiotic worlds?

A

Molecules

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6
Q

The use and re-use of materials of the earth.

A

Biogeochemical Cycles

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7
Q

What are the four cycles part of Biogeochemical Cycles?

A

Hydrologic (water), Carbon/Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Cycle

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8
Q

Human body loses and must replace approximately _% of its total H2O volume daily

A

3%

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9
Q

Plants lose H2O through what?

A

Transpiration

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10
Q

Plants take in H2O from the roots, filter/clean H2O and transpire through which part?

A

the stomata of their leaves!!

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11
Q

Cellular Respiration produces metabolic ___.

A

H2O

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12
Q

H2O vapour is a greenhouse gas that traps and transfers what?

A

HEAT

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13
Q

H2O is cycled in which cycle?

A

The Hydrologic cycle

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14
Q

Changing water from a liquid state to a gaseous state

A

Evaporation

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15
Q

Evaporation of water from plant leaves

A

Transpiration

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16
Q

Movement of water through soil and permeable rock

A

Percolation

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17
Q

Rain, Snow, Hail, etc

A

Precipitation

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18
Q

Collection of water droplets in the atmosphere to form clouds

A

Condensation

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19
Q

Oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, ground water, and snow/ice are reservoirs of what?

A

Water

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20
Q

What are water’s unique properties?

A
  1. Universal Solvent
  2. High melting and boiling point
  3. High heat capacity
  4. Special cohesive and adhesive properties
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21
Q

Water molecules are polar (different charges at each end), resulting in a weak attraction between molecules known as a..

A

Hydrogen Bond

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22
Q

Explain why water has a high melting point (0c) and a high boiling point (100c)

A

Melting and boiling both require hydrogen bonds to be broken which uses LOTS of energy

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23
Q

When water cools, hydrogen bonds loosen, causing cold or frozen water to have a _____ density

A

lower

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24
Q

When water heats up, these bonds tighten, causing warm water to have a ______ density

A

higher

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25
_____ amounts of energy are required to increase the temperature of water.
Large
26
Large bodies of water assist in moderating the ___________ of nearby land.
temperature
27
Energy from water ---> _____ the land
Heats
28
Energy from land ---> given to water to ____ land
Cool
29
Attraction of water molecules to other water molecules.
Cohesion
30
Which property allows insects to walk on water, and keeps organic debris on the water surface? (Cohesion or Adhesion?)
Cohesion
31
Attraction of water molecules to molecules of other substances (ex. glass tube, cell wall)
Adhesion
32
Which property is important for the movement of water up xylem in plants? (Cohesion or Adhesion?)
Adhesion
33
(True or False) Hydrogen bonding enables water to dissolve a wide variety of substances.
True
34
(True or False) Liquid water is less dense than ice because hydrogen bonds hold molecules apart in an open crystalline structure in this phase.
False (Ice is less dense than liquid water)
35
(True or False) Water is most dense at 0'c.
False (Water is most dense at 4'c)
36
(True or False) Cohesion refers to the attraction water molecules have for each other. Adhesion refers to the attraction water molecules have for molecules of other substances.
True
37
(True or False) Water has a low heat capacity and thus requires large amounts of heat to effect a small change in temperature.
False (Water has a HIGH heat capacity)
38
(True or False) A hydrogen bond occurs between two hydrogen atoms on the same water molecule.
False (A hydrogen bond occurs between a hydrogen and oxygen atom from different water molecules)
39
(True or False) Metabolic water is generated by metabolic reactions.
True
40
(True or False) Drought decreases plant productivity because plants close their stomata to reduce water loss and can no longer take in carbon dioxide.
True
41
(True or False) The hydrologic cycle does not play a role in biogeochemical cycles.
False
42
(True or False) Unlike carbon dioxide, water vapour is not a greenhouse gas.
False
43
What are the two types of Biogeochemical cycles?
Global and Static
44
In this type of Biogeochemical cycle, C, O, N and S can travel long distances (as gases in the atmosphere).
Global
45
In this type of Biogeochemical cycle, P, K, Ca and other trace elements are typically found in soil so don't travel as far.
Static
46
What are the two types of Carbon cycling?
Rapid and Slow Cycling
47
Carbon moves from producer to consumer & decomposer, and back to the __________ through rapid cycling.
Atmosphere
48
(Rapid Cycling) Plants take inorganic carbon (CO2) from the atmosphere during ______________ and convert it into organic compounds.
photosynthesis
49
(Rapid Cycling) How is carbon returned to the atmosphere?
Cellular Respiration, Forest fires (carbon sinks), and decomposition.
50
(Slow Cycling) ______ stored in Reservoirs is unavailable until released
Carbon
51
(Slow Cycling) What can Carbon be stored in?
The deep ocean, earth’s crust (rocks), limestone (from shells of aquatic organisms), petroleum deposits (fossil fuels).
52
(Slow Cycling) Carbon is released during the combustion of fossil fuels, weathering of carbon from rocks, and carbon released as _______ gas back to the atmosphere.
methane
53
What are the two processes of the Carbon Cycle?
Fixing Carbon and Releasing Carbon
54
______ Carbon - Photosynthesis - Dissolved CO2 in H2O —> makes carbonates —> which makes calcium carbonate (found in shells and forms ocean sediment) —> when crushed/heated it turns into rocks
Fixing
55
_________ Carbon - Rocks broken down by volcanoes, by decaying organisms, combustion of fossil fuels, respiration.
Releasing
56
The Largest Carbon Sink
The Ocean
57
What are Carbon Reservoirs?
Atmosphere, Formation of fossil fuels, Weathering of limestone (CaCO3), Bogs, Growth and death of trees (deforestation = return of 2Gt of carbon to atmosphere each year), OCEAN.
58
What are Oxygen Reservoirs?
Atmosphere, Rocks on land, and Dissolved in water
59
What human impacts affect the Carbon and Oxygen cycles?
Burning wood and fossil fuels, Deforestation, Mining, Overpopulation, and Forest fires.
60
What are reservoirs of Nitrogen?
Soil and Atmosphere
61
Nitrogen gas composes of what percentage of the earth’s atmosphere?
78%
62
is N2(g) useable for most organisms?
NO
63
What is Nitrogen used for/contained in?
Earth’s atmosphere (78%), Proteins (amino acids), Genetic material (DNA), and Fertilizers
64
What processes are involved in the Nitrogen Cycle?
Nitrogen Fixation, Ammonification, and Denitrification
65
Bacteria & Lightning play an important role in converting N2(g) into NO3- (nitrate) which can then be used by what?
Plants!!
66
Non-photosynthetic organism are dependent on plants for sources of ________.
Nitrogen
67
Bacteria, found either in the soil or in roots of legumes convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+)
Nitrogen Fixation
68
Other bacteria in the soil convert ammonium (NH4+) to Nitrates (NO3-)
Nitrification
69
Lightning converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to Nitrates (NO3-)
Nitrification
70
Can plants use ammonium (NH4+) or Nitrates (NO3-) ?
YES
71
Detritus (waste or dead) is decomposed and NH4+ is released back into the soil
Ammonification
72
When NH4+ is used by bacteria and is converted into NO2- and then to NO3-
Ammonification
73
______ use NO3-
Plants
74
When bacteria use the oxygen from NO3-, the N2(g) is returned back to atmosphere
Denitrification
75
Agriculture removes what from the soil?
Nitrogen
76
Deforestation removes what from the soil?
Nitrogen
77
Fertilizers returns what to the soil?
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
78
Fertilizers may create acidic soil and can limit types of bacteria that can grow. This results in what?
Less Decomposition

Biology 20 (20 decks)

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