Energy in the Biosphere + Bioaccumulation

Question 1

the study of the relationships between living things (organisms) and their non-living surroundings, the environment.

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

the narrow zone around the Earth that contains life

Answer 2

Biosphere

Question 3

What are the two types of systems?

Answer 3

Open and Closed system

Question 4

The system which allows energy and matter to cross the system’s boundary - to enter and leave it.

Answer 4

Open system

Question 5

The system which allows only energy (but not matter) to cross the system’s boundary.

Answer 5

Closed system

Question 6

In terms of matter, Earth is considered which system?

Answer 6

A Closed system (all the matter that is here is here to stay)

Question 7

In terms of energy, Earth is considered which system?

Answer 7

A Open system (sun’s energy enters and some is radiated back into space)

Question 8

object or group of objects that scientists study

Answer 8

System

Question 9

All organisms need ______ to survive.

Answer 9

Energy

Question 10

Energy on Earth originates from what?

Answer 10

the Sun

Question 11

takes energy from the sun and stores it in high energy molecules (such as glucose)

Answer 11

Photosynthesis

Question 12

allows organisms to breakdown glucose –> release energy that can be used to maintain life processes

Answer 12

Cellular Respiration

Question 13

What are the 4 life processes?

Answer 13

Growth, Movement, Repair, and Reproduction

Question 14

What is Albedo?

Answer 14

the amount of reflected energy

Question 15

Do light-coloured, reflective surfaces have higher or lower Albedo?

Answer 15

higher!!

Question 16

Do dark-coloured surfaces have higher or lower Albedo?

Answer 16

lower!!

Question 17

(True or False) Both matter and energy cycles through the biosphere.

Answer 17

False - Matter does but Energy only passes through and does not cycle.

Question 18

(Part of the Second Law of Thermodynamics) As energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is always lost in the form of what?

Answer 18

HEAT

Question 19

In what way does the energy involved with Photosynthesis differ from energy involved with Cellular Respiration?

Answer 19

Photosynthesis uses energy directly from the sunlight while as Cellular Respiration uses the sunlight indirectly.

Question 20

What percentage of the Sun’s energy is absorbed by Earth’s land and ocean surfaces?

Answer 20

51%

Question 21

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 21

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 22

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 22

With every energy conversion, there is less energy available to do useful work.

Question 23

Organisms capable of producing their own food.

Answer 23

Autotrophs / Producers / Photosynthetic / Chemosynthetic / SO MANY NAMES

Question 24

the process where energy from chemical nutrients is converted into useful energy (carbohydrates) in the absence of sunlight

Answer 24

Chemosynthesis

Question 25

Organisms incapable of Photosynthesis. -Obtains food and energy from Autotrophs and other..

Answer 25

Heterotrophs aka Consumers

Question 26

Special group of Heterotrophs that break down wastes or detritus (dead matter)

Answer 26

Decomposers

Question 27

Feeds on Plants

Answer 27

Herbivores

Question 28

Feeds on Animals

Answer 28

Carnivores

Question 29

Feeds on Plants and Animals

Answer 29

Omnivore

Question 30

Consumers that obtain energy/nutrients plants

Answer 30

Primary Consumers

Question 31

Consumers that feed on primary consumers (<-herbivore)

Answer 31

Secondary Consumers

Question 32

Consumers that feed on secondary consumers

Answer 32

Tertiary Consumers

Question 33

Trophic levels describe feeding relationships in ecosystems where what are transferred?

Answer 33

Energy and Matter

Question 34

What trophic level are producers?

Answer 34

1st Trophic level

Question 35

What trophic level are Primary Consumers?

Answer 35

2nd Trophic level

Question 36

What trophic level are Secondary Consumers?

Answer 36

3rd Trophic level

Question 37

What trophic level are Tertiary Consumers?

Answer 37

4th Trophic level

Question 38

What trophic level are Quaternary Consumers?

Answer 38

5th Trophic level

Question 39

Which Trophic levels can decomposers feed on?

Answer 39

ALLL

Question 40

What is the Rule of 10?

Answer 40

Only 10% of energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next.

Question 41

Model that shows the linear pathways through which food is transferred from producers to primary consumers and higher trophic levels

Answer 41

Food Chains

Question 42

A series of interlocking food chains representing the transfer of energy through various trophic levels in an ecosystem

Answer 42

Food Webs

Question 43

What do Ecological Pyramids represent?

Answer 43

energy flow in food chains and webs

Question 44

What are 3 types of Ecological Pyramids?

Answer 44

Pyramid of Numbers, Biomass, and Energy

Question 45

Pyramid that represents the counting numbers of an Organism at each Trophic level

Answer 45

Pyramid of numbers

Question 46

Which type of ecological pyramid cannot be inverted?

Answer 46

Pyramid of Energy

Question 47

Pyramid that represents the measure of dry tissue of an Organism at each Trophic level

Answer 47

Pyramid of Biomass

Question 48

Pyramid that represents the measure of thermal energy released from chemical bonds at each Trophic level

Answer 48

Pyramid of Energy

Question 49

Why is less energy transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

Answer 49

90% of energy is used by the organism/lost in the form of heat

Question 50

Why is there a limit to the length of food chains?

Answer 50

The longer the food chain, the less energy gets passed.

Question 51

the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism.

Answer 51

Bioaccumulation

Question 52

the accumulation of chemicals which increase in concentration as you move up the food chain

Answer 52

Biomagnification