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Biology 20 > Muscle Anatomy + Sliding Filament Theory > Flashcards

Muscle Anatomy + Sliding Filament Theory Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are the muscle pairs?

A

Agonistic and Antagonistic

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2
Q

Muscle contracts

A

Agonistic

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3
Q

Muscle relaxes or lengthens

A

Antagonistic

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4
Q

Muscles that bend a limb

A

Flexor

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5
Q

Muscles that straighten a limb

A

Extensors

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6
Q

Muscles that cause movement in opposite directions

A

Antagonist

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7
Q

Muscle to Bone

A

Tendons

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8
Q

Bone to Bone

A

Ligaments

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of Muscle Cells?

A

Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth

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10
Q

Which Muscle cell is this?
-Only found in the heart (covers the walls)
-Tubular, striped, branched

A

Cardiac Muscle

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11
Q

Which Muscle cell is this?
-Lines blood vessels, tubes, and walls of internal organs (ex. esophagus, stomach)
-Non-striped and spindle-shaped

A

Smooth Muscle

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12
Q

Which Muscle cell is this?
-All over the body;attached to bones.
-Many nuclei
-Tubular and striped
-Very long
-Supports the body

A

Skeletal Muscle

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13
Q

What is the Order of Components in the skeletal muscles? (Largest to Smallest)

A

Muscle > Muscle Fiber Bundle > Muscle Fiber > Myofibril > Myofilaments

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14
Q

Muscles are made up of bundles of muscle fibres, which are made up of..

A

Myofibrils

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15
Q

The membrane that encloses the muscle fibers.

A

Sarcolemma

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16
Q

Within the Muscle Fibers are tiny ____________ bundled together.

A

Myofilaments

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17
Q

Threadlike structures of contractile proteins found within the muscle.

A

Myofilaments

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18
Q

Thin Myofilaments are composed of..

A

Actin

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19
Q

Thick Myofilaments are composed of..

A

Myosin

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20
Q

The functional/contractile unit/Basic, repeating unit of a muscle cell

A

Sarcomere

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21
Q

The length of the Muscle Fibre that anchors the Actin Fibres.
One to One = 1 Sarcomere

A

Z Line

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22
Q

Full length of the thick Myosin Filaments, including the part that is overlapped with Actin Filaments (aka dark band)

A

A Band

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23
Q

Thin Actin Filaments (aka light band)

A

i / I Band

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24
Q

In middle of A Band where only thick Filaments are found

A

H Zone

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25
Center of H Zone where thick Filaments are bound in the center
M Line
26
Spaces where thick and thin overlap and attach to each other ~Myosin Heads attach onto Actin Filaments
Cross-Bridges
27
Cytoplasm of Muscle Fibre
Sarcoplasm
28
Storage sites for Calcium; surrounds Myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
29
What are the components of Actin Filament?
Tropomyosin, and Troponin
30
Long protein filament that blocks or exposes the binding sites for Myosin Heads. ~Bands that run along the length of the Actin Filament
Tropomyosin
31
A protein attached to Tropomyosin. ~Attachment site for Ca2+ ions (which are necessary for muscle contractions). ~IS LIKE GLUE
Troponin
32
The Sliding Filament Theory is how muscle ____________ occur
contractions
33
(True or False) Z-lines move closer together during the Sliding Filament Theory (muscle contraction).
True
34
(True or False) Sarcomeres shorten during the Sliding Filament Theory (muscle contraction).
True
35
(True or False) Actin Filaments slide over Myosin Filaments during the Sliding Filament Theory (muscle contraction).
True
36
(True or False) Actin and Myosin Filaments change length during the Sliding Filament Theory (muscle contraction).
FALSE!!!!! THEY DO NOT CHANGE LENGTHS!!!!
37
(True or False) The energy for muscle contraction comes from ATP.
True
38
The state when the Myosin head is not contacting the Actin, Calcium is absent, and the Tropomyosin is blocking the Myosin-binding sites on Actin.
Relaxed State
39
During Cross Bridge, _______ ions are released from the Sarcolemma upon stimulation.
Calcium Ions
40
What happens to the Troponin (glue) when Calcium binds to it during Cross Bridge?
The Troponin becomes unsticky, changing its shape and moves the Tropomyosin away from the Myosin-binding site on the Actin.
41
After Calcium binds to the Troponin during Cross Bridge and moves the Tropomyosin away, what happens to the Myosin heads?
The Myosin heads attach to the exposed binding sites on the Actin Filaments.
42
What happens during Power Stroke? (Step 2 of the Sliding Filament Theory)
The Myosin head pulls back and moves the Actin with it.
43
What step of the Sliding Filament Theory is Cross Bridge?
Step 1!!
44
What happens during Detachment? (Step 3 of the Sliding Filament Theory)
ATP binds to the Myosin heads causing the Myosin to let go of the Actin.
45
What is the fourth and last step of the Sliding Filament Theory?
Hydrolysis
46
a reaction in which a water molecule is used during the breakdown.
Hydrolysis
47
When it binds to the Myosin, ATP breaks down into ADP, Pi, and energy.
Hydrolysis
48
During Hydrolysis, Calcium detaches from Troponin and is __________.
Reabsorbed
49
During Hydrolysis (The last step in the Sliding Filament Theory), what happens to the Tropomyosin?
The Tropomyosin moves back to its original position and blocks the Myosin binding site again.
50
During Hydrolysis, creatine Phosphate regenerates ___.
ATP
51
means 'No Oxygen'
Anaerobic
52
means 'With Oxygen'
Aerobic
53
What are the 3 ways energy is made for Muscle Contraction?
1. Breakdown of creatine phosphate (anaerobic) 2. Aerobic Cellular Respiration 3. Lactic Acid Fermentation (anaerobic)
54
-High-energy compound that builds up when muscle is resting. -The fastest way to make ATP available to muscles
Creatine Phosphate
55
-Provides enough energy for about 8 seconds of intense activity, and then it is spent. -Supplies a Phosphate to ADP
Creatine Phosphate
56
Creatine Phosphate is a way to get ATP before O2 enters the..
Mitochondria
57
-Takes place in the Mitochondria -Provides MOST of the muscle's ATP
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
58
During this, Glycogen and Fats are stored in muscle cells to be used as fuel to produce ATP when oxygen is available.
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
59
During Aerobic Cellular Respiration, Myoglobin in muscle cells stores ______ to use during muscle contractions.
Oxygen
60
During Aerobic Cellular Respiration, CO2, Water, and Heat are produced as..
Wastes!!!
61
-Supplies ATP in the Absence of Oxygen. -Produces Lactate which makes the Sarcoplasm more acidic. -Results in Oxygen deficit
Lactic Acid Fermentation
62
During Lactic Acid Fermentation, the accumulation of Lactate for longer than two minutes causes..
Cramping and Fatigue
63
When energy demand exceeds ATP supply, and lactic acid accumulates.
Oxygen Debt
64
Cramping results from the lack of..
ATP
65
One reason why ATP is needed is to pump Calcium ions back into the Sarcoplasmic _________.
Reticulum
66
Another reason why ATP is needed is to break the linkages between Actin and Myosin so the Muscle Fibres can..
Relax
67
What does replenishing an oxygen deficit require?
Replenishing Creatine Phosphate supplies, and disposing of Lactate.
68
When ATP production is gone and skeletal muscle becomes fixed (body stiff as a board). ~Moments up to 60 hrs after death ~Cross-Bridges fail to detach
Rigor Mortis
69
Rapid breathing after exercise is designed to repay..
Oxygen Debt

Biology 20 (20 decks)

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