The Excretory System + Urine Formation

Question 1

What are the functions of the Kidneys?

Answer 1

1. Regulate extracellular fluid
2. Concentration of waste products, and electrolytes
3. Balance blood pH
4. Water balance in body

Question 2

What waste products are in Urine?

Answer 2

1. Ammonia
2. Urea
3. Uric Acid

Question 3

Deamination of amino acids by the liver

Answer 3

Ammonia

Question 4

Ammonia (from deamination) combined with CO2

Answer 4

Urea

Question 5

Breakdown of nucleic acids (DNA)

Answer 5

Uric Acid

Question 6

Carries blood TO the Kidneys from abdominal Aorta

Answer 6

Renal Arteries

Question 7

Filters wastes from the blood and passes it to the Ureters (long dusts) which passes it along to the Bladder

Answer 7

Kidneys

Question 8

Stores Urine

Answer 8

Bladder

Question 9

Carries Urine from Bladder to exterior of body

Answer 9

Urethra

Question 10

Outer layer of the Kidney

Answer 10

Cortex

Question 11

Inner layer of the Kidney

Answer 11

Medulla

Question 12

Hollow area where the Kidney joins the Ureter. Collects Urine and transports it to the Ureters.

Answer 12

Renal Pelvis

Question 13

Kidney’s functional unit is the..

Answer 13

Nephron

Question 14

Small blood vessels that surround the tubule of the Nephron

Answer 14

Peritubular Capillary

Question 15

Brings blood into the Glomerulus to be converted into Urine. Located in the Cortex.

Answer 15

Afferent Arterioles

Question 16

Brings blood out of the Glomerulus. Removing blood and blood components not filtered into Nephron. Located in the Cortex

Answer 16

Efferent Arterioles

Question 17

High pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration. It is surrounded by Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 17

Glomerulus

Question 18

The cuplike structure that surrounds the Glomerulus which receives filtrate to be turned into Urine under high pressure. Located in the Cortex

Answer 18

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 19

The section of the Nephron joining the Bowman’s Capsule with the Loop of Henle. Re-absorption of H2O. Located in the Cortex.

Answer 19

Proximal Tubule

Question 20

The section of the Tubule that carries filtrate from the Proximal Tubule to the Distal Tubule. Re-absorption of water. Descends into Medulla.

Answer 20

Loop of Henle

Question 21

Carries Urine from the Loop of Henle to the collecting duct.

Answer 21

Distal Tubule

Question 22

(Cortex –> Medulla) tube that carries Urine from the Nephrons to the Renal Pelvis –> many collecting ducts from many Nephrons merge into Renal Pelvis –> Ureter –> Bladder (storage)

Answer 22

Collecting Ducts

Question 23

Where does Urine come from?

Answer 23

Blood

Question 24

Movement of fluid from the Blood into the Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 24

Filtration

Question 25

Transfer of essential solutes and water from the Nephron back into the blood. (Nephron to Blood)

Answer 25

Reabsorption

Question 26

Transport of materials from the Blood into the Nephron. (Blood to Nephron)

Answer 26

Secretion

Question 27

what is excretion?

Answer 27

Urine transported to the Bladder and out of the body.

Question 28

Accomplished by movement of fluids from Blood to Bowman's Capsule

Answer 28

Filtration

Question 29

Pressure in Glomerulus is 4 times ______ than a normal Capillary bed.

Answer 29

Higher

Question 30

The dissolved solutes which pass through the walls of the Glomerulus into the Bowman's Capsule is called..

Answer 30

Filtrate

Question 31

What does Filtrate include?

Answer 31

Water, Urea, Glucose, Amino acids, and salts

Question 32

Plasma proteins, Blood cells and Platelets don't enter the Bowman's capsule because...

Answer 32

They are too large

Question 33

Plasma proteins, Blood cells and Platelets leave the Glomerulus via the ________ Arteriole and enter back into circulation

Answer 33

Efferent (Away)

Question 34

Transfer of essential solutes and water from the Nephron BACK into the Blood

Answer 34

Reabsorption

Question 35

Of the 120 mL/min filtered into the Nephron, how much mLs of Urine is actually formed?

Answer 35

1 mL/min of Urine is formed

Question 36

Of the 120 mL/min filtered into the Nephron, how much mLs of fluids and solutes are reabsorbed?

Answer 36

119 mL of fluids and solutes are reabsorbed

Question 37

Type of transport which requires energy

Answer 37

Active Transport

Question 38

Type of transport which requires no energy

Answer 38

Passive Transport

Question 39

Reabsorption occurs until a substance reaches..

Answer 39

Threshold Level (no more can be reabsorbed)

Question 40

What happens to excess NaCl remaining in the Nephron?

Answer 40

ITS PEED OUT

Question 41

What does water follow?

Answer 41

Water follows the Solute!!

Question 42

Where does most Reabsorption take place?

Answer 42

Proximal Tubule

Question 43

What is Reabsorbed in the Proximal Tubule?

Answer 43

NaCl (active), Water (passive), Nutrients (active), K+ (passive), and HCO3- (passive)

Question 44

What is Reabsorbed in the Descending Loop of Henle?

Answer 44

Water (passive)

Question 45

What is Reabsorbed in the Ascending Loop of Henle?

Answer 45

NaCl (passive)

Question 46

Water moves from Filtrate to capillary in which part of Loop of Henle?

Answer 46

Descending

Question 47

Solutes move from Filtrate into capillaries in which part of Loop of Henle?

Answer 47

Ascending

Question 48

What is Reabsorbed in the Distal Tubule?

Answer 48

NaCl (active), HCO3- (active), and Water (passive)

Question 49

What is Reabsorbed in the Collecting Duct?

Answer 49

Urea (passive), Water (passive), and NaCl (active)

Question 50

Movement of wastes from the Blood into the Nephron.

Answer 50

Secretion (Blood to Nephron)

Question 51

Where does Secretion occur along the Nephron?

Answer 51

The Proximal Tubule and the Distal Tubule

Question 52

What is Secreted in the Proximal Tubule?

Answer 52

1. H+ (Active) ~Maintains pH balance in blood 2. NH3 (Passive) ~From breakdown of protein

Question 53

Composed of H2O, NaCl, HCO3-, H+, Urea, Glucose, AAs, and some drugs

Answer 53

Filtrate

Question 54

From where in the Nephron is the fluid considered urine?

Answer 54

Near the end/After the fluid leaves the Collecting Duct

Question 55

What is Excretion?

Answer 55

pee go bye bye

Question 56

Urine contains substances that have undergone both...

Answer 56

Glomerular Filtration (which hasn't been absorbed back into the blood), and Tubular Secretion

Question 57

What does Urine contain?

Answer 57

Water, Salt, Urea, Uric Acid, and Minerals

Question 58

Identify where useful molecules and wastes are filtered out of the Blood and into the Nephron (Secretion).

Answer 58

Proximal and Distal Tubules

Question 59

Where are useful molecules reabsorbed from the Nephron back into the Blood (Reabsorption)?

Answer 59

All throughout the Nephron

Question 60

Which structure transports the waste molecules (Urine) left behind after Reabsorption?

Answer 60

The Renal Pelvis

Question 61

Which parts of the Nephron are in the Cortex of the Kidney?

Answer 61

The Proximal and Distal Tubules

Question 62

Which parts of the Nephron penetrate deep into the Medulla?

Answer 62

The Ascending and Descending Loop of Henle, and Collecting Duct

Question 63

How is the statement, "Kidneys filter wastes out of Blood" false?

Answer 63

Kidneys are not just filters, they also Reabsorb.

Question 64

How does decrease in Blood pressure affect Kidney function?

Answer 64

The filtration efficiency is decreased

Question 65

In terms of energy costs to the cell in the Proximal Tubule, the reabsorption of salt (Na+ and Cl-) and water has been called a deal where we get "3 for the price of 1". Why?

Answer 65

Water follows the Solute (the salt/Na+ Cl-).

Question 66

Where is the highest concentration of Na+ found in the Loop of Henle?

Answer 66

The bottom of the Loop