Biology (B5) (booklet)

Question 1

Define a stimulus

Answer 1

A change in the environment detected by receptors

Question 2

What two thing can an effector be?

Answer 2

Muscle or gland

Question 3

Define ‘synapse’

Answer 3

Gap or junction between two neurones

Question 4

What are the 3 types of neurones in order?

Answer 4

Sensory, relay, motor

Question 5

Define ‘homeostasis’

Answer 5

Controlling of internal body conditions

Question 6

What 3 things are maintained in homeostasis?

Answer 6

Temperature
Blood glucose concentration
Blood water levels

Question 7

What are the specialised cells that detect stimuli called?

Answer 7

Receptors

Question 8

Describe how messages are sent through the nervous system

Answer 8

As electrical impulses via neurones

Question 9

What is the order of the voluntary response?

Answer 9

Stimulus-receptor-(sensory neurone)-coordinator (relay neurone)-(motor neurone)-effector-response

Question 10

Name the 6 glands

Answer 10

Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

Question 11

Explain what happens when blood glucose levels get too high

Answer 11

Pancreas releases insulin
Glucose moves into the liver and converts into glycogen for storage
Blood glucose levels returns to normal

Question 12

Explain what happens when blood glucose levels get too low

Answer 12

Pancreas releases glucagon
Glycogen in the liver is converted into glucose and released into blood
Blood glucose levels return back to normal

Question 13

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 13

Pancreas does not release (enough) insulin
Can’t control blood glucose levels

Question 14

What us type 2 diabetes?

Answer 14

Insulin receptors cannot detect insulin
Can’t control blood glucose levels

Question 15

Which type of diabetes is treated with insulin injections?

Answer 15

Type 1

Question 16

Give the order of the hormones in the menstrual cycle and their hormones

Answer 16

FSH - Matures the egg
Oestrogen - uterus lining thickens
LH - Ovulation
Progesterone - Uterus lining is maintained

Question 17

How is a reflex different to a voluntary response?

Answer 17

Faster
Automatic
Does not involve conscious part of the brain
Protects the body from harm

Question 18

Give the reflex pathway

Answer 18

Stimulus - receptor - sensory neurone - relay neurone - motor neurone - effector - response

Question 19

Name all the different hormones released at glands

Answer 19

FSH, LH
Thyroxine
Insulin, Glucagon
Oestrogen, Progesterone
Testosterone

Question 20

How does adrenaline cause the release of more energy?

Answer 20

Increase hart rate
Increase blood flow
Increase delivery of oxygen and glucose to cells for aerobic respiration

Question 21

What is the function of thyroxine?

Answer 21

Controls metabolism

Question 22

Which type of diabetes is due to lifestyle factors?

Answer 22

Type 2

Question 23

Give the non-hormonal methods of contraception

Answer 23

Condom
Femidom
Copper coil

Question 24

Give an advantage and disadvantage of the pill

Answer 24

Advantage - easy to take, reliable
Disadvantage - Might forget to take it, side effects, does not protect against STI’s

Question 25

Give the hormonal methods of contraception

Answer 25

Implant Pill Injection Patch

Question 26

Give the natural method of contraception

Answer 26

Abstaining from sexual intercourse

Question 27

Give and advantage of a condom

Answer 27

Protect against STI's

Question 28

How are hormones transported around the body?

Answer 28

In the blood plasma

Question 29

Name a permanent method of contraception

Answer 29

Sterilisation

Question 30

What is the target organ for insulin?

Answer 30

Liver

Question 31

Define 'negative feedback'

Answer 31

Our body's way of monitoring changes in internal conditions and the responding to these changes so that homeostasis is regained

Question 32

Give an example of a reflex

Answer 32

Knee jerk pulling away from hot/sharp object

Question 33

What is a hormone?

Answer 33

A chemical messenger

Question 34

What is a gland?

Answer 34

An organ that secretes hormones

Question 35

Where is insulin released?

Answer 35

Pancreas

Question 36

What is the male sex hormone?

Answer 36

Testosterone

Question 37

What factors can affect reaction time?

Answer 37

Age Sex Amount of sleep Volume of caffeine

Question 38

escribe how to do the ruler drop tests

Answer 38

1. Hold a ruler level with persons finger and thumb 2. Let go of the ruler 3. The other student catches the ruler 4. Record the distance the ruler is caught at 5.Convert distance to reaction time using conversion table 6. Repeat steps 1-5 another two times and calculate a mean

Question 39

What does IVF stand for?

Answer 39

In Vitro Fertilisation (outside of the body)

Question 40

What are the 4 stages of IVF?

Answer 40

1. Mother given FSH and LH injections to stimulate maturation of several eggs 2. Eggs collected from ovary and fertilised by sperm in lab using microscope 3. Fertilised eggs develop into embryos 4. Embryos inserted into uterus

Question 41

Give 4 arguments against IVF

Answer 41

Wasted embryos -destroys a potential life Low success rate Emotional and physical stress Multiple births are risk to mother and baby

Question 42

What is embryo screening?

Answer 42

Check embryo for genetic diseases and decide whether to use/abort the embyo

Question 43

Give the pros and cons of embryo screening

Answer 43

Pro: Can make an informed decision Reduces genetic disorders Parents can prepare for a child with a disorder Con: Risk to embryo and mother May lead to a difficult decision (abortion)