Biology (B7) Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is a habitat?
The places where an organism lives
What are abiotic factors?
Give examples
Non-living factor that affect survival
E.g. light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, Soil pH, Soil mineral concentration, Water availability, temperature
What is a ecosystem?
All the living and non-living things in an environment interacting together
What is interspecific competition?
Competition between members of different species
What is the difference between a community and a population?
A population is all the living things of the same species in an area
A community is all the living things of all species in an area
What are biotic factors?
Give examples
Living factors that affect survival
E.g. food (plants/animals), pathogens, predators, human trampling
What always starts a food chain and why?
Plant/producers
Produce glucose through photosynthesis
What does the arrow in a food chain show?
The flow of energy through the food chain
What happens to the population of prey when the population of predators rises?
It starts to decrease because the prey is being eaten by the predators
What happens to the number of prey when the predator number decreases?
It increases
There are fewer predators to eat the prey so they survive and reproduce
What is a structural adaptation?
Give an example
A feature of an organism’s body structure that help it to survive
E.g. whales in cold places have blubber (fat) to insulate them
When the population of prey decreases what happen to the population of predators?
It decrease because the predators don’t have as much food so starve and die
What is an extremophile?
An organism that is adapted to survive in an extreme/harsh environment
E.g. Very hot places
What is a behvioural adaptation?
Give a example
A way an organism behaves to help it survive
E.g. A bird migrating to warmer countries during winter
What is a tertiary consumer?
An organism in the food chain that eats the secondary consumer
What is a quadrat?
A frame of a known size, used to sample an are usually 0.25m2 or 1m2
Describe how to sample an are to estimate abundance
- Use tape measures to set up a grid
- Use a random number generator
to determine coordinates - Place a quadrat and count the
organisms - Repeat
- Calculate mean per quadrat and
multiply up to area of whole field
Why should coordinates be determined randomly?
To avoid bias
Why is it important to place a quadrat many times during a random sample?
To make the sample more representative of the area and so you can calculate a mean
What is distribution?
Where an organism is found in an area
Describe how to investigate the distribution if species?
- Lay a tape measure out along the
area - Place quadrat at regular intervals
- Record species present
- Repeat with another transect line
What is transpiration?
Evaporation of water out of the stomata of a leaf
How do clouds form in the water cycle?
When water vapour cools and condenses
What is ‘run off’ in the water cycle?
When water drains inot rivers and the sea after falling as rain
