Biopharm

Question 1

What kind of binding takes place in Albumin?

Answer 1

Competitive

Question 2

Albumin constitutes to how much of the total plasma proteins?

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

What is the concentration of Albumin in blood?

Answer 3

3.5 - 5.5% w/v

Question 4

What is the molecular weight of Albumin?

Answer 4

65 - 69 kDa OR 66,500 g/mol

Question 5

Why is there a higher binding affinity of most drugs to Albumin?

Answer 5

1. High concentration
2. Presence of many functional groups, which facilitate binding

Question 6

How many sites does Albumin have for binding?

Answer 6

It has 4 sites

Site 1 - Warfarin, Azapropazone, NSAID, Sulphonamide, Bilirubin

2 - Diazepam, BDZ, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen

3 - Digoxin

4 - Tamoxifen

Question 7

What is the plasma concentration of alpha - 1 - Acid glycoprotein?

Answer 7

0.04 - 0.1%

Question 8

Molecular weight of AAG

Answer 8

44,000 Da

Question 9

Name the special compound released by AAG.

Answer 9

Acute phase reactant protein (which is released during small inflammations)

Question 10

Molecular weight of Lipoproteins

Answer 10

200,000 Da (variable concentration)

Question 11

What kind of binding does Lipoprotein go through?

Answer 11

Non-competitive binding

Question 12

Name the 4 types of Globulins

Answer 12

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2, Gamma

Question 13

What is the other name of Alpha-1 Globulin?

Answer 13

Transcortin

Question 14

Other name of Alpha-2 Globulin

Answer 14

Ceruloplasmin

Question 15

Other name of Beta-1 Globulin

Answer 15

Transferrin

Question 16

Why is Ceruloplasmin important?

Answer 16

It is indirectly involved in the synthesis of many vitamins (ADEK) and is chiefly present in the metabolism of Cu²+ and Fe³+

Question 17

What kind of drugs does Transcortin bind to?

Answer 17

Corticosteroids

Question 18

What does Beta-2 Globulin bind to?

Answer 18

Carotenoids

Question 19

What do Gamma Globulin bind to?

Answer 19

Antigens

Question 20

Name the barrier present in BBB

Answer 20

Endothelial tight junction

Question 21

Tight junctions present in Blood - CSF Barrier

Answer 21

Choroid plexus cells

Question 22

Tight junctions present in Blood testis barrier

Answer 22

Sertoli cells

Question 23

Name the 6 Dissolution Apparatus in order.

Answer 23

I - Rotating basket
II - Paddle
III - Reciprocating cylinder
IV - Flow through cell apparatus
V - Rotating cylinder
VI - Paddle over disc
VII - Reciprocating apparatus

Question 24

Write the speed of each apparatus in order.

Answer 24

I - 100-150 rpm
II - 50-75rpm
III - 5-30 dips/min
IV - 4-32 ml/min OR 10-100ml/min
V - 25-50 rpm
VI - 100-150 rpm
VII - 30 dips/min

Question 25

What kind of formulation is Dissolution apparatus I used for?

Answer 25

Capsules and Tablets

Question 26

What kind of formulation is Apparatus II used for?

Answer 26

Orally disintegrating tablets, modified release tablets and chewable tablets

Question 27

What kind of formulation is Apparatus III used for?

Answer 27

Controlled and extended release formulations

Question 28

What kind of formulation is Apparatus IV used for?

Answer 28

For drugs with low-solubility, Suppositories, microparticulates and implants

Question 29

What kind of formulation is Apparatus V and VI used for?

Answer 29

Transdermal patches

Question 30

What formulation is Apparatus VII used for?

Answer 30

Controlled and extended release formulations and transdermal patches

Question 31

What are the 3 levels in IVIVC?

Answer 31

Level A, B and C

Question 32

Which is the most frequently used level of IVIVC?

Answer 32

Level A It is based on point-by-point relationship Here, the % of drug absorbed is compared with the % of drugs released

Question 32

What is Level C selection based on?

Answer 32

Single point relationship It is used for formulation selection and development

Question 33

What is Level B of IVIVC based on?

Answer 33

It is based on the PRINCIPLE OF STATISTICAL MOMENT Mean residence time of the drug with it's Mean dissolution time is compared and correlated

Question 33

What is IVIVC?

Answer 33

In-vitro in-vivo correlation In-vitro release test of a drug is conducted and is correlated with its in- vivo dissolution/bioavailability

Question 34

What are the 3 levels in IVIVC?

Answer 34

Level A, B and C