[bleeding]

Answer 1

vasoconstriction
platelet plugging
coagulation cascade

Answer 2

haemostasis

Answer 3

coagulation

Answer 4

vasoconstriction

platelet plugging

Answer 5

Vascular
Platelet
coagulation

Answer 6

Henloch-Schonlein Purpura

Answer 7

small vessel vasculitis

Answer 8

aplastic anaemia
marrow suppression (e.g. cytotoxic drugs)
Marrow infiltration
megaloblastic anaemias

Answer 9

TTP
HUS
ITP

Answer 10

anti-platelet antibodies

Answer 11

infection

Answer 12

fluctuating of bleeding (menorrhagia/epistaxis)

Answer 13

prednisolone

Answer 14

if 1st line treatment fails

Answer 15

80

Answer 16

platelets destroyed by the antibodies

Answer 17

Aziathioprine

immunosuppression

Answer 18

IV Ig

Answer 19

Haemophilia

Von Willebrands

Answer 20

bring platelets and sub-endothelium into contact
platelets bind to eachother
bind to factor VIII (8) and prevent it from destruction

Answer 21

it activates factor 10

Answer 22

deficiency in vWF

mild symptoms

Answer 23

abnormal

variable symptoms

Answer 24

lack of vWF
low FVIII

(can be severe)

Question 25

[bleedingdisorders]: coagulation: Von Willebrands: on Ix what would platelet levels show

Answer 25

normal

Question 26

[bleedingdisorders]: coagulation: Von Willebrands: what would the INR show

Answer 26

normal

Question 27

[bleedingdisorders]: coagulation: Von Willebrands: what would the APTT show

Answer 27

high

Question 28

[bleedingdisorders]: coagulation: Liver disease: why does liver disease increase bleeding

Answer 28

reduced synthesis of clotting factor | decreased absorption of vit K

Question 29

[bleedingdisorders]: coagulation: what factors require vitamin k

Answer 29

10 9 7 2

Question 30

[bleedingdisorders]: coagulation: what is the treatment for vitamin K malabsorption in a non-acute setting

Answer 30

IV vit K

Question 31

[bleedingdisorders]: coagulation: what is the Tx for vit k deficiency in an acute haemorrhage

Answer 31

FFP

Question 32

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: A is due to ... deficiency

Answer 32

factor VIII

Question 33

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: B is due to ... deficiency

Answer 33

factor IX

Question 34

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: what is the mode of inheritance in both A and B

Answer 34

x linked recessive

Question 35

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: how is the diagnosis made (2)

Answer 35

high APTT | low Factor VIII

Question 36

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: usually present early in life with bleeding where? (2)

Answer 36

joints | muscles

Question 37

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: bleeding into muscles can have what neurological complications

Answer 37

nerve palsy e.g. compartment syndrome

Question 38

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: Tx: what is the mainstay of minor bleeding, alongside pressure and limb raising?

Answer 38

Desmopressin 0.3microg/kg/12hrs IVI over 20 mins

Question 39

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: why does desmopressin effective in treating mild haemophilia A

Answer 39

raises the levels of factor VIII

Question 40

[bleedingdisorders]: haemophilia: an arthroses indicates a major bleed and requires +50% of normal FVIII levels. Life threatening requires 100% - what is the Tx?

Answer 40

Recombinant factor VIII

Question 41

[bleedingdisorders]: fibrinolysis: what is the role of plasmin

Answer 41

cleaves fibrin

Question 42

[bleedingdisorders]: what is different about the presentation of bleeding and coagulation disorders

Answer 42

coagulation disorders causes delayed bleeding into joints/muscles

Question 43

[bleedingdisorders]: what is acquired haemophila

Answer 43

suddenly appearing Factor VIII antibodies

Question 44

[bleedingdisorders]: how will acquired haemophilia present on Ix?

Answer 44

prolonged APTT autoantibody to VIII reduced factor VIII activity<50%