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PHS 932 > Block 3 Lecture 4 -- Regulation of Gene Expression > Flashcards

Block 3 Lecture 4 -- Regulation of Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

loosely packed DNA, active transcription present

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2
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

tightly packed DNA

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3
Q

How long is miRNA?

A

19-21 bases

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4
Q

What are the effects of miRNA binding to mRNA?

A

translational repression or mRNA cleavage

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5
Q

What is epigenetics?

A

heritable information encoded by modifications of the genome and chromatin affecting gene expression

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6
Q

Acetylation’s effect on this histone:

A

acetylated = activated

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7
Q

In what cancers is HAT/HDAC altered?

A

epithelial tumors

leukemia

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8
Q

HAT:

A

histone acetyltransferase

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9
Q

HDAC:

A

histone deacetylase

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10
Q

DNMT:

A

DNA methyltransferase

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11
Q

What is methylation’s effect on transcription?

A

repression

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12
Q

Where is DNA methylated?

A

CpG island (Cs and Gs in promoter)

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13
Q

MoA of vorinostat:

A

inhibits HDAC to induce growth arrest proteins

– ex p21

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14
Q

MoA of 5-azaC:

A

5’ modified dCTP analog that covalently inhibits DNMT

– produces DNA instability

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15
Q

What are the limitations to vorinostat use?

A

1) can’t tell if HDAC is overexpressed

2) HAT has to work for effect

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16
Q

Estrogen Receptor commonly not expressed in ovarian cancer. Why?

A

hypermethylation of promoter

17
Q

What mechanisms are involved in epigenetics?

A

1) histone acetylation

2) DNA methylation

18
Q

What things regulate gene transcription?

A

1) eu/heterochromatin modifications
2) DNA modifications
3) DNA sequence
4) miRNA regulation

19
Q

What are steroid transcription factor examples and where are they located?

A

retinoic acid receptor, TH receptor

– cytosol

20
Q

What are the domains of the TH and retinoic acid receptor?

A

DNA and ligand-binding

21
Q

How do steroid transcription factors regulate transcription?

A

1) bind ligand
2) dimerize, translocate
3) bind DNA

PHS 932 (23 decks)

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