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PHS 932 > Block 2 Lecture 2 -- Viruses > Flashcards

Block 2 Lecture 2 -- Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the disease caused by polio?

What is the pathophys?

A

poliomyelitis

– inhibit motor protein synthesis

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2
Q

What is the disease caused by influenza?

What is the pathophys?

A

influenza pneumonia

– inhibit ciliary protein synthesis

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3
Q

What is the disease caused by rabies?

What is the pathophys?

A

rabies encephalitis

– inhibit neural protein synthesis

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4
Q

What is the disease caused by herpes simplex virus?

What is the pathophys?

A

herpes infections

– inhibit immune protein synthesis

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5
Q

What is the disease caused by Hepatitis B?

What is the pathophys?

A

viral hepatitis

– host CTL response to hepatocytes

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6
Q

What is the disease caused by EBV?

What is the pathophys?

A

mono; lymphomas

– acute B cell lysis; latent B proliferation

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7
Q

What is the disease caused by ebola?

What is the pathophys?

A

hemorrhagic fever

– over-activation of the immune system

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8
Q

What is the diseased caused by Marburg virus?

What is the pathophys?

A

hemorrhagic fever

– over-activation of immune system

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9
Q

Describe the morphology of TMV.

A

helical protein

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10
Q

Describe the morphology of adenovirus.

A

icosahedral

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11
Q

Describe the morphology of bacteriophage viruses

A

prolate

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12
Q

Describe the morphology of HIV

A

lipid envelope w/ membrane proteins

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13
Q

Describe the morphology of ebola

A

filamentous

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14
Q

What are RNA viruses examples?

DNA?

A

RNA: TMV, HIV
DNA: herpes

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15
Q

What are the various structures of viruses?

A

protein or lipid

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16
Q

What are mechanisms by which viruses evade immune system?

A

1) Ag variation
2) blockage of Ag processing
3) block cytokines
4) immunosuppressive (IL-10)
5) kill immune cells

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17
Q

What are the classes of antiretrovirals?

A

1) non-nucleoside RTase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
2) nucleoside RTase inhibitors (NRTIs)
3) protease inhibitors
4) fusion inhibitors
5) integrase inhibitors

18
Q

What are examples of NNRTIs?

A

efavirenz, etravirine

19
Q

What are examples of NRTIs?

A

tenofovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, abacavir

20
Q

What are examples of protease inhibitors?

A

atazanavir, cobicistat

21
Q

What are examples of fusion inhibitors?

A

maraviroc

22
Q

What are examples of integrase inhibitors?

A

raltegravir, dolutegravir

23
Q

What is defined as “controlled HIV?”

A

CD4 greater than 350

24
Q

What is an elite controller?

A

VL less than 50

25
Q

What is a viremic controller?

A

VL 50-200

26
Q

What is a long-term non-progressor?

A

VL greater than 2000 and 7 years infection

27
Q

How are HIV-controllers classified?

A

1) elite
2) viremic
3) LTNP

28
Q

What are HIV’s membrane proteins?

A

gp41
gp120
MHC

29
Q

What is the role of gp41?

A

is the membrane-proximal external region of the HIV Env

– transmembrane glycoprotein

30
Q

What is the role of gp120?

A

interacts with CD4 and CXCR4/CCR5

– the “docking” protein

31
Q

What are HIV’s matrix proteins?

A

p17 matrix protein + proteases, peptidases, and host proteins

32
Q

What is contained in the nucleocapsid?

A

RTase, integrase, RNA, nucleocapsid

33
Q

What are the components of HIV?

A

1) lipid envelope with membrane proteins
2) matrix proteins
3) capsid
4) nucleocapsid

34
Q

How does HIV evade immune system?

A

1) Ag variation

2) kill T cells

35
Q

What mutation avoids HIV?

A

CCR5 (from bubonic plague survivors)

36
Q

With what proteins does gp120 interact?

A

1) CD4
2) CCR5 or CXCR4
- - then fusion peptide exposed

37
Q

What is the best HIV infective interaction to block and why?

A

interaction / docking

– stop complement, inflammation, etc.

38
Q

What are the targetable stages of HIV infection?

A

1) interaction
2) fusion
3) RTase
4) Integrase
5) viral assembly

39
Q

What is the interaction stage?

A

gp120 + CD4

gp120 + CCR5/CXCR4

40
Q

What is the fusion stage?

A

docking exposes the fusion peptide

41
Q

What is HIV’s mechanism of antigenic variation?

A

peptide sequences vary
glycosylation varies
not all viral particles are viable (some form decoys)

PHS 932 (23 decks)

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