Block 2 Lecture 2 -- Viruses

Question 1

What is the disease caused by polio?

What is the pathophys?

Answer 1

poliomyelitis

– inhibit motor protein synthesis

Question 2

What is the disease caused by influenza?

What is the pathophys?

Answer 2

influenza pneumonia

– inhibit ciliary protein synthesis

Question 3

What is the disease caused by rabies?

What is the pathophys?

Answer 3

rabies encephalitis

– inhibit neural protein synthesis

Question 4

What is the disease caused by herpes simplex virus?

What is the pathophys?

Answer 4

herpes infections

– inhibit immune protein synthesis

Question 5

What is the disease caused by Hepatitis B?

What is the pathophys?

Answer 5

viral hepatitis

– host CTL response to hepatocytes

Question 6

What is the disease caused by EBV?

What is the pathophys?

Answer 6

mono; lymphomas

– acute B cell lysis; latent B proliferation

Question 7

What is the disease caused by ebola?

What is the pathophys?

Answer 7

hemorrhagic fever

– over-activation of the immune system

Question 8

What is the diseased caused by Marburg virus?

What is the pathophys?

Answer 8

hemorrhagic fever

– over-activation of immune system

Question 9

Describe the morphology of TMV.

Answer 9

helical protein

Question 10

Describe the morphology of adenovirus.

Answer 10

icosahedral

Question 11

Describe the morphology of bacteriophage viruses

Answer 11

prolate

Question 12

Describe the morphology of HIV

Answer 12

lipid envelope w/ membrane proteins

Question 13

Describe the morphology of ebola

Answer 13

filamentous

Question 14

What are RNA viruses examples?

DNA?

Answer 14

RNA: TMV, HIV
DNA: herpes

Question 15

What are the various structures of viruses?

Answer 15

protein or lipid

Question 16

What are mechanisms by which viruses evade immune system?

Answer 16

1) Ag variation
2) blockage of Ag processing
3) block cytokines
4) immunosuppressive (IL-10)
5) kill immune cells

Question 17

What are the classes of antiretrovirals?

Answer 17

1) non-nucleoside RTase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
2) nucleoside RTase inhibitors (NRTIs)
3) protease inhibitors
4) fusion inhibitors
5) integrase inhibitors

Question 18

What are examples of NNRTIs?

Answer 18

efavirenz, etravirine

Question 19

What are examples of NRTIs?

Answer 19

tenofovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, abacavir

Question 20

What are examples of protease inhibitors?

Answer 20

atazanavir, cobicistat

Question 21

What are examples of fusion inhibitors?

Answer 21

maraviroc

Question 22

What are examples of integrase inhibitors?

Answer 22

raltegravir, dolutegravir

Question 23

What is defined as “controlled HIV?”

Answer 23

CD4 greater than 350

Question 24

What is an elite controller?

Answer 24

VL less than 50

Question 25

What is a viremic controller?

Answer 25

VL 50-200

Question 26

What is a long-term non-progressor?

Answer 26

VL greater than 2000 and 7 years infection

Question 27

How are HIV-controllers classified?

Answer 27

1) elite 2) viremic 3) LTNP

Question 28

What are HIV's membrane proteins?

Answer 28

gp41 gp120 MHC

Question 29

What is the role of gp41?

Answer 29

is the membrane-proximal external region of the HIV Env | -- transmembrane glycoprotein

Question 30

What is the role of gp120?

Answer 30

interacts with CD4 and CXCR4/CCR5 | -- the "docking" protein

Question 31

What are HIV's matrix proteins?

Answer 31

p17 matrix protein + proteases, peptidases, and host proteins

Question 32

What is contained in the nucleocapsid?

Answer 32

RTase, integrase, RNA, nucleocapsid

Question 33

What are the components of HIV?

Answer 33

1) lipid envelope with membrane proteins 2) matrix proteins 3) capsid 4) nucleocapsid

Question 34

How does HIV evade immune system?

Answer 34

1) Ag variation | 2) kill T cells

Question 35

What mutation avoids HIV?

Answer 35

CCR5 (from bubonic plague survivors)

Question 36

With what proteins does gp120 interact?

Answer 36

1) CD4 2) CCR5 or CXCR4 - - then fusion peptide exposed

Question 37

What is the best HIV infective interaction to block and why?

Answer 37

interaction / docking | -- stop complement, inflammation, etc.

Question 38

What are the targetable stages of HIV infection?

Answer 38

1) interaction 2) fusion 3) RTase 4) Integrase 5) viral assembly

Question 39

What is the interaction stage?

Answer 39

gp120 + CD4 | gp120 + CCR5/CXCR4

Question 40

What is the fusion stage?

Answer 40

docking exposes the fusion peptide

Question 41

What is HIV's mechanism of antigenic variation?

Answer 41

peptide sequences vary glycosylation varies not all viral particles are viable (some form decoys)