block 5 lecture 4 the nervous system

Question 1

what is the nervous system?

Answer 1

the system of cells, tissues and organs that regulate the bodys responses to external and internal stimuli

Question 2

in the nervous system what is communication via?

Answer 2

electrochemical signals

Question 3

what do neurotransmitters do?

Answer 3

bridge the gap between neurons

Question 4

differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Answer 4

nervous: quick response, short lived, reversible and signals via action potentials
endocrine: slow response, long lasting, can be irreversible, signalling via hormones

Question 5

why is the endocrine response slower?

Answer 5

you have to synthesize, release, transport before you can get an effect

Question 6

what is involved in the CNS/

Answer 6

brain and spinal cord

Question 7

what does the sensory nervous system do/

Answer 7

picks up stimuli

Question 8

what are the unconscious receptors?

Answer 8

proprioceptive and interoceptive

Question 9

what are the conscious receptors?

Answer 9

proprioceptive, kiensthetic, enteroceptors, teloreceptors and somatic

Question 10

what do proprioceptors recognize?

Answer 10

body position

Question 11

what do interoceptors recognize?

Answer 11

information from organs

Question 12

what do kinesthetic receptors recognise?

Answer 12

touch, shape and consistency

Question 13

what do enteroreceptors recognise?

Answer 13

pain and temperature

Question 14

what do telereceptors recognise?

Answer 14

vision and hearing

Question 15

what do somatic afferent carry?

Answer 15

information of external stimuli

Question 16

what do visceral afferent carry?

Answer 16

information from internal stimuli

Question 17

what is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 17

neuron

Question 18

what is a neuron?

Answer 18

cell body with dendrites picking up information and an axon which transmits information.

Question 19

what is white matter?

Answer 19

axons (tracts)

Question 20

what is grey matter?

Answer 20

collections of cell bodies

Question 21

in the peripheral nervous system what are collection of cell bodies?

Answer 21

ganglia

Question 22

below the mid brain what do we call: anterior, posterior, superior and inferior?

Answer 22

ventral, dorsal, rostral and caudal

Question 23

above the mid brain what do we call: anterior, posterior, superior and inferior?

Answer 23

rostral, and caudal, ventral and dorsal

Question 24

what is the CNS encased in and why?

Answer 24

skull and vertebrae for protection

Question 25

what are the ifferent layers of connective tissue membranes in order?

Answer 25

dura mata, arachnoid mata and pia mata

Question 26

what is the subarachnoid space filled with/

Answer 26

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 27

what is the dura mata also known as?

Answer 27

pachymeninges

Question 28

what is the archanoid and pia mata also known as?

Answer 28

leptomeninges

Question 29

what is the potential space called between the bone and the membrane?

Answer 29

extradura space

Question 30

where is the subdural space?

Answer 30

between the dura and arachnoid

Question 31

what is between the arachnoid and pia mata

Answer 31

subarachnoid

Question 32

what is the space outside the vertebral column called?

Answer 32

epidural layer

Question 33

what is the epidural layer filed with?

Answer 33

internal vertebral venus plexus, fat and nervous tissue

Question 34

where is the grey mata in the brain

Answer 34

around the outside

Question 35

what is gyrii?

Answer 35

raised grey matter in the brain

Question 36

what is the grooves in the grey matter called?

Answer 36

sulci

Question 37

where in the brain are the cell bodies found?

Answer 37

cortex (outside)

Question 38

where is the brain is the white matter?

Answer 38

inside

Question 39

what are subcorticoids?

Answer 39

grey matter in white matter

Question 40

where is the cerebrum?

Answer 40

outside of the brain

Question 41

where is the cerebellum

Answer 41

back of the brain

Question 42

what is the telencephalon?

Answer 42

cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, subcorticol white matter and basal gangia

Question 43

what is the diencephalon?

Answer 43

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

Question 44

what are the ventricles filled with in the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 44

cerebralspinal fluid

Question 45

what is the diencephalona and the telencephalon called together?

Answer 45

prosencephalon - for brain

Question 46

what is the hind brain?

Answer 46

cerebellum - rhombencephalon

Question 47

what is the mesencephalon?

Answer 47

mid brain - pons and medulla oblongata

Question 48

what are denticulate ligaments?

Answer 48

elongations of pia mata through the arachnoid mata which anchors the spinal cord on either side

Question 49

where is grey an white matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 49

grey matter inside, white matter outside

Question 50

what do the spinal nerves branch to form/

Answer 50

dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

Question 51

what does the plexus of nerves help with?

Answer 51

distribution of nerves

Question 52

how many spinal segments are there?

Answer 52

33

Question 53

what is a dermatome?

Answer 53

area supplied by single spinal segment

Question 54

what supplies a an area of muscle?

Answer 54

myotome

Question 55

what are the different layers of coverings of axons?

Answer 55

endoneirium, perineurium and epineurium