block 5 lecture 2

Question 1

what kind of symmetry does the brain have?

Answer 1

bilteral

Question 2

what is he line running down the center of the brain called?

Answer 2

midline

Question 3

what two things is the CNS composed of?

Answer 3

cranium and vertebrea

Question 4

what is the 4th germ layer in the embryo called?

Answer 4

neural crest cells

Question 5

layers of the trilaminar disk?

Answer 5

amniotic cavity
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm 
yolk sac

Question 6

what does the thickening of the ectoderm along the mid line form?

Answer 6

central nervous system

Question 7

the CNS develops a part of ectoderm, what is this specialised region called?

Answer 7

neuroectoderm

Question 8

what is the boundary called between neuroectoderm and other ectoderm?

Answer 8

neuroectoderm border

Question 9

during early development what happens to the neuroectoderm?

Answer 9

the midline pushes down to form a gully, the neuoectoderm border forms ridges, these are the neural crest cells, the two neural crest ridges meet along the midline and form a tube, tube zps up where the ridges have met

Question 10

what happens to the neural crest cells once the neural tube has formed?

Answer 10

the ridges disintergrateand the mesenchyme cells migrate away

Question 11

neural crest cells give rise to different tissues in the body such as…?

Answer 11

ganglia, neurons, pigment cells, cartilage, dentin, bone, adrenal glands and connective tissue

Question 12

first three thickenings of the neual tubes precurser of the brain?

Answer 12

for brain, mid brain, hind brain

Question 13

what are the two regions called that the for brain divides into?

Answer 13

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 14

what does the telencephalon develop into?

Answer 14

right and left cerebral hemisphere

Question 15

what is the posterior part of the forbrain called?

Answer 15

diencephalon

Question 16

what is the diencephalon the precurser of?

Answer 16

basal ganglia and the thalamus

Question 17

why does the CNS need to fold?

Answer 17

because it s expanding but it is confined within the cranium

Question 18

what is the fold call in early development in the mid brain?

Answer 18

cranial flexure

Question 19

which part of the brain is the cervical flexure?

Answer 19

hind brain

Question 20

what is the flexure in the pos called?

Answer 20

the pontine flexure

Question 21

in development where do the first and second ventricles originate from?

Answer 21

the for brain the telencephalic vesicles

Question 22

in development where does the third ventricle come from?

Answer 22

diencephalic vesicle

Question 23

in development where does the 4th ventricle come from?

Answer 23

hind brain

Question 24

what shape do the lateral ventricles take on?

Answer 24

C-shapes

Question 25

what does the wall of the lateral ventricles make up?

Answer 25

fanix and the hypocampus

Question 26

what are the two main types of tissue in the CNS?

Answer 26

grey matter and white matter

Question 27

where there is a predominance of axons what colour does the tissue appear?

Answer 27

white matter

Question 28

when cell bodies congregate what colour does the tissue appear?`

Answer 28

grey matter

Question 29

what do the fibers running between the cortex and the brain stem need to pass through?

Answer 29

nuclei of basal ganglia and the diencephlon

Question 30

what is the tract called allowing the fibers to pass through he basal ganglia and the diencephalon?

Answer 30

internal capsule

Question 31

which part of the neural tube does the spinal cord develop from?

Answer 31

posterior end

Question 32

which is the dorsal side?

Answer 32

side closest to the back

Question 33

what are the two regions at the dorsal side of the developing neural tube?

Answer 33

alar plates

Question 34

what are the two regions at the ventral side of the developing neural tube?

Answer 34

basal plates

Question 35

there is structural and functional regionalisation in the developing spinal cord, what is the function of the dorsal end?

Answer 35

sensory info

Question 36

there is structural and functional regionalisation in the developing spinal cord, what is the function of the ventral end?

Answer 36

motor

Question 37

what is the region between the basal and alar pates called? and what are they associated with?

Answer 37

cell bodies the ANS

Question 38

what is the hypertrophy of white matter around the developing spinal cord?

Answer 38

congregation of axons on the outside

Question 39

what do alar plates from?

Answer 39

dorsal horns of grey matter

Question 40

what do the ventral horns form from?

Answer 40

basal plate

Question 41

how do ventral nerves grow?

Answer 41

outwards from cell bodies

Question 42

fiber which carry information fro the brain outwards are called what?

Answer 42

efferent

Question 43

nerves which travel to the CNS are called what?

Answer 43

afferent

Question 44

how do the crest cells from dorsal root ganglia/

Answer 44

they congregate either side of the developing spinal cord as a series of cel bodies

Question 45

how do dorsal root ganglia grow?

Answer 45

they have projections which grow into CS

Question 46

nerves which grow into the CNS?

Answer 46

dorsal root sensory afferent nerves

Question 47

what do you get when a dorsal root merges with a ventral root?

Answer 47

mixed spinal nerve

Question 48

what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 1?

Answer 48

trigeminal

Question 49

what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 2?

Answer 49

facial

Question 50

what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 3?

Answer 50

glossopharyngeal

Question 51

what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 4?

Answer 51

vagus