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BM212 - Immunology > Block E > Flashcards

Block E Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of reactions in type three hypersensitivity? (5 marks)

A

-antibodies bind to antigen
-immune complex formed
-cytokines released
-neutrophils granulate
-tissue is damaged

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2
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Inflammation is a biological response of the innate immune system and can be triggered by bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites.

A

True

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3
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Inflammation is a biological response of the innate immune system and can be triggered by damaged cells.

A

True

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4
Q

Which ONE of the following is NOT a classic sign of inflammation:
-loss of function
-pain
-loss of speech
-redness
-heat

A

loss of speech

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5
Q

What is the main role of histamine release during inflammation?

A

to increase vasodilation and increase vascular permeability

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6
Q

Which ONE of the following is NOT an inflammatory mediator
-leukotrienes
-histamine
-platelet activating factors
-prostaglandins
-antibodies

A

antibodies

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7
Q

Which ONE of the following do NOT induce and regulate inflammation?
-IL-6 - cytokine
-IL-1β - cytokine
-CXCL16αβ - chemokine
-CXCL1 - chemokine
-TNFα - cytokine

A

CXCL16αβ - chemokine

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8
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is IgE antibody a mediator for?

A

Type I

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9
Q

Type ____ Hypersensitivity involves cell destruction by _____ and _____ . Antibody bound to cell surface antigen can induce death by ____ and ____.

A

II, IgG, IgM, opsonisation, ADCC

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10
Q

An allergic reaction is the result of hyper-responsiveness of the ____ immune system(s).

A

Innate and adaptive

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11
Q

Which ONE of the following statements about allergens is FALSE:
-they are usually of a low molecular weight
-they activate macrophages
-they are enzymatically active
-they are stable
-they are proteins

A

they activate macrophages

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12
Q

Which ONE antibody is primarily involved in an allergic reaction?

A

IgE

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13
Q

Which cytokine stimulates a Th2 response leading to more IgE production by B cells?

A

IL-4

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14
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity results in anaphylactic shock caused by allergy?

A

Class I

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15
Q

Atopic means desensitised to allergens - true or false?

A

false

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16
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Chronic inflammation is only caused by non-infectious factors.

A

false

17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of a regulatory T cell:
-express CTLA-4
-express TCR with high affinity for self-antigen
-Foxp3 positive
-CD25 positive
-Foxp4 positive

A

-Foxp4 positive

18
Q

Does Hashimoto thyroiditis increase/decrease iodine uptake and result in _____ thyroid function

A

decreases iodine uptake and decreases thyroid function

19
Q

Which ONE of the following bodily fluids can HIV NOT be transmitted by?
-urine
-blood
-rectal fluids
-saliva
-semen

A

saliva

20
Q

Which ONE component does not make up the HIV retrovirus?
-gp41
-gp120
-reverse transcriptase
-lipid bilayer
-dimer spikes

A

reverse transcriptase

21
Q

When transmitted via the sharing of needles; what 3 cell type are involved in initial protection from HIV at the site of infection?

A

neurtophils, epithelial and macrophages

22
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Activated CD4 T cells are the major source of HIV replication – these cells are eventually killed by the virus = severe immunodeficiency

A

true

23
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Drugs that block HIV replication lead to a rapid increase in titres of infectious virus before causing a decrease in CD4 T cells

A

false

24
Q

TRUE/FALSE: In the course of infection HIV accumulates many mutations, which can result in the outgrowth of drug-resistant variants. These mutations can generate variants of enzymes & other viral proteins that render the virus resistant to drugs.

A

true

25
Q

TRUE/FALSE: A genetic deficiency of the co-receptor CCR5 confers resistance to HIV infection.

A

true

26
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Lymphoid tissue is the major reservoir of HIV infection.

A

true

BM212 - Immunology (5 decks)

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