blood

Question 1

types of WBC’s

Answer 1

Neutrophils, luekocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils

Question 2

what WBC have secretory functions

Answer 2

basophils and eosinophils

Question 3

hemopoisis is what? done in bone marrow

Answer 3

production of formed elements

Question 4

do RBC or WBC last longer

Answer 4

RBC (WBC are more abundant)

Question 5

produces most blood cells (RBC and WBC except lymphocytes)

Answer 5

myeloid progenitor

Question 6

what is the last stage of an RBC before maturation (starting from an myeloid stem cell)

Answer 6

reticulocyte

Question 7

cytokine produced by kidneys and liver; in response to lower O2 delivery to the kindeys (also testosterone)

Answer 7

erythropoietin

Question 8

colony stimulating factors are __ ____ for myeloid stem cells

Answer 8

growth factors

Question 9

what do platelets start out as

Answer 9

megakarocytes

Question 10

the edges of the megakarocytes break off to form platelets and contain what

Answer 10

enzymes, proteins, actin and myosin.

Question 11

a red blood cell has what components
a. DNA
b. hemoglobin
c. mitochondria (and CA)
d. all of the above

Answer 11

C

Question 12

1 molecule of hemoglobin can hold how many o2

Answer 12

4

Question 13

hemoglobin has a ____ structure and a hemoglobin in each chain

Answer 13

quartenary

Question 14

what is the oxygen carrying capacity

Answer 14

1.34 O2/g Hb

Question 15

what three structures are involved in hemolysis of RBC

Answer 15

spleen, liver and red marrow

Question 16

ferritin is
and tranferritin is

Answer 16

iron storage protein
iron transport protein

Question 17

where is most of the iron stored

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

after Fe is broken down is becomes biliverdin then to ____ which moves into the intestines and liver

Answer 18

bilirubin

Question 19

the bilirubin moves through the liver and is filtered into ___ for feces and ___ for urine

Answer 19

stercobilin; urobilin

Question 20

each blood cell has the same 4 sugars, the presence or absense of teh 5th sugar defines what

Answer 20

blood type a, b, or o (ab has two sets)

Question 21

ab is the universal acceptor why?

Answer 21

no antibodies

Question 22

why is o the universal donor

Answer 22

no antigens on RBC

Question 23

recipient blood antibodies react with donor blood antigens

Answer 23

major agglutination

Question 24

donor blood antibodies react with recipient blood antigens

Answer 24

minor agglutination

Question 25

the RBC count is ____; female count ____, male count ____

Answer 25

hemocytometer 3.9-5.6 uL 4.5-6.5 uL

Question 26

high red blood count but normal normal count and total mass; usually due to dehydration

Answer 26

relative polycythemia

Question 27

high RBC and WBC counts; high hematocrit with no hypoxia

Answer 27

erythemia or polycythemia vera

Question 28

high RBC and arterial hypoxia

Answer 28

2° polycythemia

Question 29

packed cell volume test normal female levels normal male levels

Answer 29

hematocrit 42 +/- 5 47+/- 7

Question 30

MCV tests ___ ____ and the formula is

Answer 30

RBC cell; hct x 10,000 mill / uL

Question 31

normal MCV

Answer 31

87+/- 5

Question 32

avg hemoglobin

Answer 32

15g/dL

Question 33

hyperchromic cells have what ratio

Answer 33

Hb higher than RBC

Question 34

hypochromic cells and microcytic tells us what

Answer 34

iron deficiency anemia

Question 35

lowered Hb production; genetic: regulatory genes

Answer 35

thalassemia

Question 36

lowered RBC production; intrinsic factor and B12 (macrocytic)

Answer 36

pernicious anemia

Question 37

granular leukocytes

Answer 37

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 38

what leukocyte is the first line of defense and contains hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 38

neutrophils

Question 39

parasite and inflammation regulation

Answer 39

eosinophils

Question 40

macrophages; phagocytes and help present antigens to lymphocytes

Answer 40

monocytes

Question 41

thrombocytopenia can be caused by

Answer 41

pregnancy, immune system destruction, autoimmune diseases, and bacteria in blood

Question 42

primary thrombocytosis is caused by

Answer 42

genetics; faulty stem cells

Question 43

4 steps of hemostasi

Answer 43

1. vascular spasm & vasoconstriction 2. platelet plug 3. coagulation 4. clot retraction

Question 44

platelet activation is localized to injured cells; NO does _____ and prostacyclin ____ ____ of platelets

Answer 44

vasodilation; prevent adhesion

Question 45

vascular spasm and vasoconstriction is due to

Answer 45

lowered blood flow and pressure

Question 46

____ ___ within the vessel walls are exposed and platelets adhere via ____

Answer 46

collagen fibers; integrins

Question 47

what factor helps make platelets adhere to collagen

Answer 47

von willebrand

Question 48

adhesion of platelets triggers _____ for vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation (PAF and ADP)

Answer 48

serotonin

Question 49

PAF (platelet activating factor) uses positive feed back to

Answer 49

aggregate platelets

Question 50

the intrinsic pathway for coagulation is characterized by exposure to _____

Answer 50

collagen

Question 51

what is the activation factor for intrinsic pathway

Answer 51

factor XII

Question 52

the extrinsic pathway is characterized by damage tissues that release _____ ; which in turn activates factor ___

Answer 52

factor III (thromboplastin) ; VII

Question 53

the common pathway completes the process initiated by intrinsic or extrinsic and is controlled by what factor

Answer 53

factor X

Question 54

factor X is

Answer 54

prothrombin converting factor

Question 55

conversion of ____ to _____ is stage II of common pathway

Answer 55

prothrombin --> thrombin

Question 56

stage III of common pathway is

Answer 56

soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

Question 57

the crosslinking of fibrin strands creates a

Answer 57

stabilized clot

Question 58

thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator activates

Answer 58

plasminogen into plasmin

Question 59

plasmin in turn cuts ____ into short segments and removes meshwork

Answer 59

fibrin