innate immunity

Question 1

generalized chemicals that identify some pathogens

Answer 1

PAMPS

Question 2

look for chemical patterns; non self and self cells have unique chem. patterns

Answer 2

PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) or TLRs

Question 3

cells which communicate across the body that draw other white cells in and activate

Answer 3

cytokine messengers

Question 4

lymphocytes in contact with antigen presenting cells communicate by

Answer 4

contact dependent signaling

Question 5

a type of nonspecific immunity; identify self vs. non self

Answer 5

innate

Question 6

immediate immune response by inflammation, phagocytosis and antigen presenting cells (first on site)

Answer 6

innate: non specific immunity

Question 7

specific immunity

Answer 7

adaptive

Question 8

identification of an antigen and memory of the pathogen; have to be exposed to an antigen (acquired)

Answer 8

adaptive: specific immunity

Question 9

production of antibodies that is apart of acquired immunity

Answer 9

antibody mediated immunity

Question 10

white cell acting directly that is apart of acquired immunity

Answer 10

cell mediated immunity

Question 11

the generalized response; recognizes only as non-self; which means there is no production of _____

Answer 11

antibody

Question 12

4 types of external defenses barriers

Answer 12

skin, mucous membranes, resp. escalator, secretions

Question 13

white cells squeeze through clefts of epithelium of blood vessels to tissues

Answer 13

diapedesis or extravasation

Question 14

_____ chemically attracts phagocytes to site of infection

Answer 14

chemotaxis

Question 15

PRR and PAMPS are _____ internal response

Answer 15

recognition

Question 16

antibodies or complement proteins that tag encapsulated bacteria for phagocytosis

Answer 16

opsonins

Question 17

once a phagocyte has engulfed a pathogen it has a _____ break down the pathogen; what is this complex

Answer 17

lysosome; phagolysosome

Question 18

unique to macrophages and presents antigens

Answer 18

MHC-II

Question 19

specialized in defense against viral infection

Answer 19

NK cells

Question 20

NK cells identify virally infected cells that lack ______ receptors

Answer 20

MHC-I

Question 21

all cells have MHC-I receptors except

Answer 21

red blood cells

Question 22

if a virus pulls in MHC-I receptors as an attack the NK cells see this and attack cell with

Answer 22

perforin

Question 23

the NK cells and interferons kill or just stop viruses

Answer 23

stop viral spread

Question 24

produced by virally infected cells; bind to neighboring cells

Answer 24

interferon

Question 25

interferons; IFN-alpha and IFN-beta do what

Answer 25

inhibit viral infection

Question 26

interferons; IFN-gamma do what

Answer 26

activate macrophages and immune response

Question 27

protein response: complement has two pathways

Answer 27

alternative and classical

Question 28

the classical pathway protein response complement uses

Answer 28

adaptive immune system

Question 29

activated macrophages secrete _____

Answer 29

cytokines

Question 30

acute phase proteins are activated when?

Answer 30

immediately after invasion

Question 31

_____ promoting phagocytosis are acute phase proteins

Answer 31

opsonins

Question 32

___ _____ proteins bind to dead or dying cells and some bacteria; acute phase proteins

Answer 32

c-reactive

Question 33

what do c reactive proteins do after binding dead or dying cells

Answer 33

activates complement cascade; screen for inflammation

Question 34

chronic inflammatory diseases promote continued release of ___ ______

Answer 34

c reactive

Question 35

cytokine production: intercellular gaps and dilate blood vessels

Answer 35

histamine

Question 36

cytokine production: anticoagulant

Answer 36

heparine

Question 37

cytokine production: facilitates diapedesis

Answer 37

interleukin-1

Question 38

cytokine production: stimulate pain receptors

Answer 38

prostaglandins, bradykinins

Question 39

cytokine production: opsonins, chemotaxins, nonspecific complement cascade

Answer 39

complement proteins