Blood and Lymph: Symptomatic & Diagnostic Terms

Question 1

the presence of small red blood cells

Answer 1

microcytosis

Question 2

the presence of large red blood cells

Answer 2

macrocytosis

Question 3

the presence of red blood cells of unequal size

Answer 3

anisocytosis

Question 4

the presence of large, irregularly shaped blood cells

Answer 4

poikilocytosis

Question 5

an increase in the number of immature erythrocytes in the blood

Answer 5

reticulocytosis

Question 6

an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

Answer 6

erythropenia

Question 7

an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes

Answer 7

lymphocytopenia

Question 8

a decrease in the number of neutrophils

Answer 8

neutropenia

Question 9

an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood

Answer 9

pancytopenia

Question 10

breakdown of the red blood cell membrane

Answer 10

hemolysis

Question 11

impaired immunological defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents

Answer 11

immunocompromised

Question 12

impaired ability to provide an immune response

Answer 12

immunosuppression

Question 13

the presence of enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes

Answer 13

lymphadenopathy

Question 14

enlargement of the spleen

Answer 14

splenomegaly

Question 15

• acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
• a syndrome caused by HIV(human immunodeficiency virus that renders immune cells ineffective permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases to develop; it is transmitted sexually or through exposure to contaminated blood

Answer 15

AIDS

Question 16

a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of the red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues

Answer 16

anemia

Question 17

a normocytic normchromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of the marrow to produce red blood cells

Answer 17

aplastic anemia

Question 18

a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron affecting the production of hemoglobin and characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin

Answer 18

iron deficiency anemia

Question 19

a macrocytic-normchromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number

Answer 19

pernicious anemia

Question 20

any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of autoimmune diseases

Answer 20

autoimmune disease

Question 21

a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh-negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus

Answer 21

erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 22

the presence or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and the fetus, resulting in fetal anemia

Answer 22

Rh factor

Question 23

the presence of antigens

Answer 23

Rh positive

Question 24

the absence of antigens

Answer 24

Rh negative

Question 25

a hereditary disorder that results in excessive build up of iron deposits in the body

Answer 25

hemochromatosis

Question 26

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in the clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

Answer 26

hemophilia

Question 27

a chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow; classified according to the types of white cells affected

Answer 27

leukemia

Question 28

a disorder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells; usually develops in a specific type of leukemia

Answer 28

myelodysplasia

Question 29

any neoplastic disorder of the lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin's disease

Answer 29

lymphoma

Question 30

the process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to distant organs

Answer 30

metastasis

Question 31

a condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) in the blood, along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

Answer 31

mononucleosis

Question 32

an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

Answer 32

polycythemia

Question 33

a systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood

Answer 33

septicemia

Question 34

a bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, which impairs the clotting process

Answer 34

thrombocytopenia

Question 35

CBC

Answer 35

- complete blood count - the most common laboratory blood test performed as a screen for general health or for diagnostic purposes; includes RBC, WBC, HGB, and Hct

Question 36

RBC

Answer 36

- red blood count | - a count of the number of red blood cells per cubic mm obtained by a manual or automated laboratory method

Question 37

WBC

Answer 37

- white blood count | - the number of white blood cells per cubic mm obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods

Question 38

HGB

Answer 38

a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin

Question 39

HCT

Answer 39

- hematocrit | - a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood

Question 40

PLT

Answer 40

- platelet count | - a calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood: normal ranges from 150,000-450,000/cubic mm

Question 41

ESR

Answer 41

- erythrocyte sedimentation rate | - a timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall through a given volume of plasma

Question 42

PTT

Answer 42

-partial thromboplastin time -a test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders (thromboplastin=a substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation)

Question 43

PT

Answer 43

- prothrombin time - a test to measure the activity of prothrombin, a protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process, in the blood

Question 44

HIV

Answer 44

human immunodeficiency virus

Question 45

PMN

Answer 45

- polymorphonuclear leukocyte | - another term for neutrophil, named for many segments present in the nucleus

Question 46

CT

Answer 46

- computed tomography | - full body X-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma

Question 47

CO2

Answer 47

carbon dioxide

Question 48

Fe

Answer 48

iron

Question 49

BUN

Answer 49

-blood urea nitrogen