Endocrine: Symptomatic & Diagnostic Terms Flashcards

(60 cards)

1
Q

protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball

A

exophthalmos/us

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2
Q

glucose (sugar) in the urine

A

glucosuria/glycosuria

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3
Q

shaggy; an excessive growth of hair especially in unusual places

A

hirsutism

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4
Q

an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

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5
Q

high blood sugar

A

hyperglycemia

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6
Q

low blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia

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7
Q

an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

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8
Q

deficient level of potassium in the blood

A

hypokalemia

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9
Q

excessive level of sodium ions in the blood

A

hypernatremia

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10
Q

low level of sodium ions in the blood

A

hyponatremia

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11
Q

abnormally increased secretion

A

hypersecretion

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12
Q

abnormally decreased secretion

A

hyposecretion

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13
Q
  • aka ketoacidosis
  • presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and a acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbs as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
A

ketosis

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14
Q

all chemical processes in the body that result in growth, energy production, elimination of waste, and other body functions

A

metabolism

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15
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

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16
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

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17
Q

collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone from any cause, such as a result of excessive production by the adrenal gland (often caused by a tumor), or more commonly as a side effect of a treatment with glucocorticoid hormones such as prednisone for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or other inflammatory diseases; symptoms include upper body obesity, facial puffiness, hyperglycemia, weakness, thin and easy bruised skin with stria (stretch marks), hypertension, and osteoporosis

A

Cushing syndrome

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18
Q

excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen in adult women owing to tumor or hyperplasia (increased number of cells and tissue); evidenced by amenorrhea, acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice

A

adrenal virilism

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19
Q

DM

A
  • diabetes mellitus
  • metabolic disorder caused by an abnormal utilization of insulin secreted by the pancreas; evidenced by hyperglycemia and glucosuria
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20
Q

DKA

A
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and a acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbs as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
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21
Q

hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose

A

insulin

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22
Q

diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin- the patient is dependent on insulin for survival

A

type 1 diabetes mellitus

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23
Q

diabetes in which the body produces insulin, but not enough, or there is insulin resistance- the patient is not usually dependent on insulin for survival

A

type 2 diabetes mellitus

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24
Q

condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas

A

hyperinsulinism

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25
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
26
hyper secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland, usually caused by a tumor
acromegaly
27
condition of abnormal increase in urine output most commonly caused by an inadequate secretion of pituitary antidiuretic hormone; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia; urine appears colorless due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine
diabetes insipidus
28
condition of congenital hypo secretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing a short yet proportionate stature, often treated during childhood with growth hormone
pituitary dwarfism
29
enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation
goiter
30
- aka Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis | - condition of hyper secretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia, tachycardia, goiter, and tumor
hyperthyroidism
31
condition of hypo secretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity
hypothyroidism
32
advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin
myxedema
33
condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
cretinism
34
measurement of the level of sugar in the blood
blood sugar (BS)
35
- fasting blood sugar | - measurement of blood sugar level a fast of 12 hours
FBS
36
measurement of blood sugar level after a meal, commonly after 2 hours
postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)
37
measurement of the body's ability to metabolize carbs by administering a prescribed amount of glucose after a fasting period, then measuring blood and urine for glucose levels every hour thereafter- usually 4-6 hours
glucose tolerance test (GTT)
38
molecule in a hemoglobin that rises in the blood as a result of an increased level of blood sugar; it is a common blood test used in diagnosing and treating diabetes, also known as glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA1c)
glycohemoglobin
39
measurement of the level of specific ions (Na, K, CO2, and Cl) in the blood; electrolyte balance is essential for normal metabolism
electrolytes
40
measurement of thyroid hormone levels in the blood plasma to determine efficiency of glandular secretions, including T3, T4, and TSH
thyroid function study
41
chemical tests to determine the presence of sugar or ketone bodies in the urine; used as a screen for diabetes
urine sugar and ketone studies
42
CT of the head is used to obtain a transverse view of the pituitary gland
computed tomography (CT)
43
nonionizing images of magnetic resonance are useful in identifying abnormalities of pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, and thyroid glands
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
44
sonographic images are used to identify endocrine pathology, such as thyroid ultrasound
sonography
45
nuclear image involving scan of the thyroid to visualize the radioactive accumulation of previously ingested isotopes to detect thyroid nodules or tumors
thyroid uptake and image
46
excision of the adrenal gland
adrenalectomy
47
excision of the pituitary gland
hypophysectomy
48
excision of the pancreas
pancreatectomy
49
excision of the parathyroid gland
parathyroidectomy
50
excision of the thymus gland
thymectomy
51
excision of the thyroid gland
thyroidectomy
52
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone | -stimulates secretion from thyroid gland
53
PTH
- parathyroid hormone | - regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
54
LH
- luteinizing hormone | - causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by corpus lute; causes secretion of testosterone in testes
55
FSH
- follicle-stimulating hormone | - initiates growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males
56
GH
- growth hormone | - influences growth
57
ACTH
- adrenocorticotropic hormone | - stimulates secretion of the adrenal cortex
58
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
59
hyper secretion of the parathyroid gland, usually caused by a tumor
hyperparathyroidism
60
hypo secretion of the parathyroid glands
hypoparathyroidism