BLOOD AND TISSUE FLAGELLATES Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
No flagella
A
Amastigote
2
Q
Leishmanial form
A
Amastigote
3
Q
L. donovani
A
Amastigote
4
Q
L. tropica
A
Amastigote
5
Q
L. braziliensis
A
Amastigote
6
Q
T. cruzi
A
Amastigote
Trypomastigote
7
Q
Flagella in front of the nucleus
A
Promastigote
8
Q
Leptomonad form
A
Promastigote
9
Q
Sand fly (Leishmania vector)
A
Promastigote
10
Q
Trypanosoma cruzi (transitional phase)
A
Promastigote
11
Q
Flagella in the center of organism
A
Epimastigote
12
Q
Crithidial form
A
Epimastigote
13
Q
Tse tse fly
A
Epimastigote
14
Q
Reduvid bug (trypanosome vector)
A
Epimastigote
15
Q
Flagella originates at posterior end of the organism
A
Trypomastigote
16
Q
Trypanosomal form
A
Trypomastigote
17
Q
T. brucei rhodesiense
A
Trypomastigote
18
Q
T. brucei gambiense
A
Trypomastigote
19
Q
A
Trypomastigote
20
Q
Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis
A
Leishmania tropica
21
Q
Oriental sore
A
Leishmania tropica
22
Q
Delhi boil
A
Leishmania tropica
23
Q
Aleppo button
A
Leishmania tropica
24
Q
Forest yaws
A
Leishmania tropica
25
Baghdad or Jericho boil
Leishmania tropica
26
American or Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania braziliensis
27
Espundia, Uta, Chiclero ulcer
Leishmania braziliensis
28
Nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis
Leishmania braziliensis
29
New world cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania braziliensis
30
Visceral leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani
31
Kala-azar fever
Leishmania donovani
32
Dumdum fever
Leishmania donovani
33
Death fever
Leishmania donovani
34
tropical splenomegaly
Leishmania donovani
35
Endothelial cells of the infected skin capillaries and within the cytoplasm of large phagocytic monocytes
Leishmania tropica
36
Mucocutaneous junctions, particularly the nasal septum, mouth, and pharynx
Leishmania braziliensis
37
Endothelial cells of the reticuloendothelial system: liver, spleen, bone marrow, and visceral lymph nodes and fixed tissue macrophages
Leishmania donovani
38
Phlebotomus papatasii
Leishmania tropica
39
Phlebotomus sergenti
Leishmania tropica
40
Phlebotomus peruensis
Leishmania braziliensis
41
Phlebotomus verrucarum
Leishmania braziliensis
42
Phlebotomus argentipes
Leishmania donovani
43
Bite of sand fly (Phlebotomus spp.)
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
44
Promastigotes (released via bite of a sand fly)
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
45
Localized cutaneous infection which gives rise to a macule, then a papule, a raised lesion with depressed ulcerated center
Leishmania tropica
46
Primary lesion is similar to that of Leishmania tropica except the ulcer produced is a weeping lesion without a granular base
Leishmania braziliensis
47
Splenomegaly associated with severe anemia
Leishmania donovani
48
▪ Presence of lesions
Leishmania tropica
49
▪ Chronic ulceration of the exposed skin areas
Leishmania tropica
50
Primary sore – starts as a small papule → red itchy vesicle → ulcerate within 1-4 weeks then disappear or leave and open weeping sore
Leishmania braziliensis
51
Secondar lesion – invasion of mucous membrane; before and after the initial sore has healed; they are usually painful and may cause deformity of the nose and may destroy cartilages of the septum
Leishmania braziliensis
52
▪ Monocytosis and neutropenia with granulocytopenia
Leishmania donovani
53
▪ Infection of the bone marrow
Leishmania donovani
54
▪ Headache
Leishmania donovani
55
▪ Undulant fever
Leishmania donovani
56
▪ Hepatosplenomegaly
Leishmania donovani
57
▪ Black fever
Leishmania donovani
58
▪ Blood smear
Leishmania donovani
59
▪ Lymph node aspirate
Leishmania donovani
60
▪ Bone marrow puncture
Leishmania donovani
61
▪ Puncture of the ulcerated part
Leishmania braziliensis
62
▪ Demonstration of the parasite from smears prepared from lesion scrapings (particularly in the edge)
Leishmania braziliensis
63
▪ Skin scrapings (Wright’s or Giemsa stain)
Leishmania tropica
64
▪ Impression smears or tissue sections prepared from active lesions; biopsies should be obtained from elevated, inflamed margins of the lesion
Leishmania tropica
65
Demonstration of amastigote in macrophage in Giemsa stained smears from aspirates or biopsies from lesion
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
66
▪ Treat adequately all human cases harboring the parasite with antimony
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
67
▪ Secondary lesions are treated by topical disinfection, curettage or excision of redundant tissues (L. braziliensis)
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
68
▪ Eradicate breeding ground of sandflies
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
69
▪ Novy-McNeal-Nicolle medium
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
70
▪ Montenegro test – in vivo skin test
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
71
Genus Trypanosoma exists in two forms:
✓ Epimastigote
✓ Trypomastigote
72
▪ Causative agent of African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
73
▪ Transmitted by the bite of infected tse tse flies of the Genus Glossina
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
74
▪ Characterized by an acute phase in which peripheral blood and lymph nodes are invaded, followed by a chronic phase in which the central nervous system is invaded, resulting in meningoencephalitis
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
75
▪ Coma state develops, commonly known as “sleeping sickness”
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
76
▪ Causative agent of American trypanosomiasis or Chaga’s disease
B. Trypanosoma cruzi
77
▪ Most common vectors are triatomid bugs, kissing bugs, or reduviid bugs
B. Trypanosoma cruzi
78
Demonstration of trypomastigote in thin and thick smears prepared from peripheral blood or CSF (C-shaped trypomastigotes)
B. Trypanosoma cruzi
79
Xenodiagnosis
B. Trypanosoma cruzi
80
: ✓ Use trypanosome free laboratory bred bug to bite infected individual
Xenodiagnosis
81
✓ Examine for the intestinal content of bug for metacyclic trypanosomes
Xenodiagnosis
82
▪ Mild African sleeping sickness
T. brucei gambiense
83
▪ West African sleeping sickness
T. brucei gambiense
84
▪ Gambian Trypanosomiasis
T. brucei gambiense
85
▪ East African sleeping sickness
T. brucei rhodesiense
86
▪ Rhodesian trypanosomiasis
T. brucei rhodesiense
87
▪ South American trypanosomiasis
T. cruzi
88
▪ Chaga’s disease
T. cruzi
89
Central and West Africa
T. brucei gambiense
90
East and South Africa
T. brucei rhodesiense
91
▪ Asia minor
T. cruzi
92
▪ Middle and Southwest Asia
T. cruzi
93
▪ North Africa
T. cruzi
94
▪ Europe and Central America
T. cruzi
95
Glossina palpalis (tse tse fly)
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
96
Glossina tachinoides
T. brucei gambiense
97
Glossina morsitans
T. brucei rhodesiense
98
▪ Triatomid bug (Panstrongylus megistus)
T. cruzi
99
▪ Kissing bug
T. cruzi
100
▪ Assassin bug
T. cruzi
101
Insect bite after the complete cycle in the insect
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
102
▪ Bug bite and defecates on the wound
T. cruzi
103
▪ Blood transfusion
T. cruzi
104
▪ Sexual and congenital transmission
T. cruzi
105
Promastigotes
T. cruzi
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
106
▪ Parasitemia with different waves
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
107
▪ Winterbottom’s sign
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
108
▪ Kerandel’s sign
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
109
✓ Chancre
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
110
✓ Cervical lymphadenopathy
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
111
✓ Recurrent high fever
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
112
✓ Headache, rash
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
113
✓ Patient develops hepatic and renal damage, pericardial inflammation, muscle tremors, convulsion, and coma
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
114
▪ Gambian trypanosomiasis – CNS symptoms; takes years to develop
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
115
▪ Rhodesian trypanosomiasis – CNS manifestations; develop in 3 – 6 months
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
116
▪ Romana’s sign (edema of the eyelids)
T. cruzi
117
▪ Chagoma (initial lesion) chancre at the site of insect bite, enlarged lymph node and spinal fluid
T. cruzi
118
▪ Demonstration of trypomastigote from Giemsa stained thick and thin blood smears as well as aspirate from chancre at the site of insect bite, enlarged lymph node and spinal fluid
T. cruzi
119
▪ Demonstration of amastigote in macrophage
T. cruzi
120
Pentamidine and Suramine soprol
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
121
No drug available
T. cruzi
122
1. Proper treatment of diagnosed individuals
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
123
2. Eradication of breeding sites of tse tse flies
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
124
1. Vector control
T. cruzi
125
2. Screening and sterilization of blood transfusions
T. cruzi
