INTESTINAL FLAGELLATES Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Giardia intestinalis
A
Giardia lamblia
2
Q
Giardia duodenalis
A
Giardia lamblia
3
Q
Cercomonas intestinalis
A
Giardia lamblia
4
Q
Megastoma enterica
A
Giardia lamblia
5
Q
Lamblia intestinalis
A
Giardia lamblia
6
Q
Giardia enterica
A
Giardia lamblia
7
Q
Shepherd’s crook
A
Chilomastix mesnili
8
Q
Chilomastix hominis
A
Chilomastix mesnili
9
Q
Nonpathogenic
A
Chilomastix mesnili
10
Q
The only pathogenic intestinal flagellates found only in man
A
Giardia lamblia
11
Q
▪ Harmless commensal which is worldwide in distribution
A
Chilomastix mesnili
12
Q
▪ More prevalent in warm than cooler climate
A
Chilomastix mesnili
13
Q
Duodenal area of small intestine and gall bladder
A
Giardia lamblia
14
Q
cecal region of the large intestine
A
Chilomastix mesnili
15
Q
➢ Ingestion of cyst usually through contaminated water
A
Giardia lamblia
16
Q
➢ Oral-anal route
A
Giardia lamblia
17
Q
Ingestion of cyst
A
Chilomastix mesnili
18
Q
Giardia lamblia (Invasive stage)
A
Trophozoite
19
Q
Giardia lamblia (Infective stage)
A
Cyst
20
Q
- Trophozoite ✓ Pear-shaped/Pyriform
A
Giardia lamblia
21
Q
- Trophozoite ✓ Rounded anteriorly and pointed posteriorly
A
Giardia lamblia
22
Q
- Trophozoite ✓ Resembles “old man in eye glasses” or “tennis racket” appearance
A
Giardia lamblia
23
Q
- Trophozoite ✓ Bilaterally symmetrical: two media bodies
A
Giardia lamblia
24
Q
- Trophozoite ✓ Measures 9.5 – 21 um by 5 – 10 um
A
Giardia lamblia
25
1. Trophozoite ✓ With large sucking discs on the ventral, concave side and convex on the dorsal side, occupying about ¾ of the flat ventral surface
Giardia lamblia
26
1. Trophozoite ✓ Presence of 2 nuclei with large, central
Giardia lamblia
27
1. Trophozoite ✓ 2 axostyles, 2 blepharoplast, 2 deeply staining bars
Giardia lamblia
28
1. Trophozoite ✓ 4 pairs of flagella: one pair of laterally crossed flagella, one pair of central flagella, a lateral pair of uncrossed flagella, and one pair of posterior flagella
Giardia lamblia
29
❖ Motility: jerky falling leaf/kite-like/spinning/flip-flop motility
Giardia lamblia
30
2. Cyst ✓ Ovoid/ellipsoidal; measures 8 – 12 um by 6 – 10 um
Giardia lamblia
31
2. Cyst ✓ 2 – 4 nuclei at anterior end
Giardia lamblia
32
2. Cyst ✓ Thick double wall (“double-walled cyst”); cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall
Giardia lamblia
33
2. Cyst ✓ Axostyle and fibrillar remnants of locomotory apparatus present
Giardia lamblia
34
1. Trophozoite ✓ Asymmetrical pearshaped (due to the cytostome) measuring about 6 – 20 um
Chilomastix mesnili
35
1. Trophozoite ✓ Broad anterior, tapering toward the posterior end
Chilomastix mesnili
36
1. Trophozoite ✓ Spiral groove extending through the middle portion of the body
Chilomastix mesnili
37
1. Trophozoite ✓ 3 pairs of flagella and a more delicate one within the prominent cytostome
Chilomastix mesnili
38
1. Trophozoite ✓ Cytoplasm is delicately granular with numerous food vacuoles
Chilomastix mesnili
39
1. Trophozoite ✓ 1 nucleus with central karyosome
Chilomastix mesnili
40
1. Trophozoite ✓ Motility: Boring or spiral forward movement, corkscrew, clockwise, twisting motility
Chilomastix mesnili
41
2. Cyst ✓ 7 – 10 um; thick walled
Chilomastix mesnili
42
2. Cyst ✓ Pear- or lemon-shaped, rounded at one end and conical at the other end with knob-like protuberance projection
Chilomastix mesnili
43
2. Cyst ✓ 1 spherical nucleus with central karyosome
Chilomastix mesnili
44
Giardiasis or Flagellate diarrhea (also known as Traveller’s diarrhea)
Giardia lamblia
45
➢ Majority of persons infected are asymptomatic or is manifested as a self-limiting acute onset diarrhea, usually associated with nausea, anorexia, and crampy abdominal pain
Giardia lamblia
46
➢ Common among pre-school children and immunocompromised patients (AIDS patients)
Giardia lamblia
47
a. Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)
Giardia lamblia
48
b. Gall bladder involvement (Cholangitis)
Giardia lamblia
49
✓ Associated with gallbladder colic and jaundice due to obstruction of the bile passages
b. Gall bladder involvement (Cholangitis)
50
✓ Irritation or edema of the ampulla of Vater
b. Gall bladder involvement (Cholangitis)
51
✓ Irritation with excess secretion of mucus and dehydration
a. Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)
52
✓ dull epigastric pain
a. Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)
53
✓ chronic diarrhea with steatorrheic stool containing increased amounts of fat and mucus but no blood
a. Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)
54
1. DFS: stained or unstained
Giardia lamblia
55
2. ZnSO4 flotation technique – for cyst concentration
Giardia lamblia
56
3. Duodenal aspiration (Entero test)
Giardia lamblia
57
4. Fluoroscopy – may demonstrate hypermotility at the duodenal and jejunal levels
Giardia lamblia
58
5. X-ray to reveal mucosal defects
Giardia lamblia
59
6. Culture method
Giardia lamblia
60
1. Personal and community hygiene
Giardia lamblia
61
2. Sanitation and cleanliness
Giardia lamblia
62
Metronidazole – drug of choice
Giardia lamblia
63
Proper hygiene and sanitation
Chilomastix mesnili
64
1. Trophozoite ✓ Pear-shaped or ovoid
Enteromonas hominis
C. mesnilii
65
1. Trophozoite ✓ No cytostome
Enteromonas hominis
66
1. Trophozoite ✓ 4 flagella: 3 anterior and 1 which closely adheres to the flattened surface of one side and trails off posteriorly as a free flagellum
Enteromonas hominis
67
1. Trophozoite ✓ Motility: Jerky motility
Enteromonas hominis
68
2. Cyst ✓ pear-shaped, uninucleated
Enteromonas hominis
69
1. Trophozoite ✓ Measures 4 – 9 um by 3 – 10 um
Embadomonas intestinalis
70
1. Trophozoite ✓ Characteristic cleft – like cytostome may be seen near the nucleus
Embadomonas intestinalis
71
1. Trophozoite ✓ 2 anterior flagella
Embadomonas intestinalis
72
2. Cyst ✓pear-shaped, uninucleated
Embadomonas intestinalis
73
▪ Optimum pH for survival: 5.2 to 6.4
Trichomonas vaginalis
74
▪ In the healthy female, the normally acid vaginal secretions of pH 3.8 – 4.4 deter its survival
Trichomonas vaginalis
75
1. Inflammation of the vaginal mucosa occurs several days after inoculation of the trophozoites, after which, polymorphonuclears become numerous and epithelial cells desquamate
Trichomonas vaginalis
76
➢ Vaginal secretions are liquid in character, greenish yellow in color and very irritating that it causes intense itchiness or burning sensation
Trichomonas vaginalis
77
➢ Strawberry cervix in appearance
Trichomonas vaginalis
78
2. In most cases, T. vaginalis infection in females present as a symptomatic vaginitis, although chronic infection may be asymptomatic
Trichomonas vaginalis
79
3. In males – trichomoniasis is latent or symptomless during the acute stage and it usually becomes chronic urethritis
Trichomonas vaginalis
80
2. Acid douche (pH of 3.0); Use prophylactic devices
Trichomonas vaginalis
81
1. Oral metronidazole – 250 mg 3x a day for 7 days results in 90-98% cure; for better patient compliance, oral metronidazole 2 grams single dose gas 86% cure rate
Trichomonas vaginalis
82
(Dobell, 1939)
T. tenax
83
(Leukart, 1879)
T. hominis
84
(Donne, 1837)
T. vaginalis
85
Buccal cavity, tartar of the teeth
T. tenax
86
Cecum
T. hominis
87
Vagina, prostate gland
88
Smallest
T. tenax
89
Medium
T. hominis
90
Largest
T. vaginalis
91
Round
T. tenax
92
Ovoidal
T. hominis
93
2/3 of the body length
T. tenax
94
As long as the body length
T. hominis
95
Less than ½ of the body length
T. vaginalis
96
Inclusion bodies NONE
T. tenax
T. hominis
97
With siderophil bodies in the cytoplasm
T. vaginalis
98
Flagella 4 anterior and 1 posterior
T. tenax
T. hominis
T. vaginalis
99
Inconspicuous
T. tenax
100
Highly conspicuous
T. hominis
101
Very conspicuous
T. vaginalis
102
NON-PATHOGENIC
T. tenax
T. hominis
103
Vaginitis, prostatitis, urethritis, itching and irritation, burning sensation of urine
T. vaginalis
104
Droplet spray
T. tenax
105
Kissing; Use of contaminated dishes or drinking glass
T. tenax
106
Ingestion of contaminated food and drink
T. hominis
107
Sexual contact and rarely congenital
T. vaginalis
108
Oral scraping
T. tenax
109
Stool
T. hominis
110
Vaginal swab, urine, urethral discharge
T. vaginalis
111
Oral hygiene
T. tenax
112
Sanitation and personal hygiene
T. hominis
113
Avoid promiscuous sexual intercourse
T. vaginalis
