PROTOZOA Flashcards
1
Q
➢ Most pathogenic amoeba in man
A
Entamoeba histolytica
2
Q
➢ It is the only amoeba that has the potential of tissue invasion
A
Entamoeba histolytica
3
Q
Endamoeba histolytica
A
Entamoeba histolytica
4
Q
Amoeba dysenteriae
A
Entamoeba histolytica
5
Q
Entamoeba dysenteriae/Endamoeba dysenteriae
A
Entamoeba histolytica
6
Q
Entamoeba tetragena
A
Entamoeba histolytica
7
Q
Large intestine of the host and other organs like liver, lungs, and the brain
A
Entamoeba histolytica
8
Q
➢ Ingestion of contaminated food and water containing cysts
A
Entamoeba histolytica
9
Q
➢ Direct contact to infected and uninfected persons (food handlers and housekeepers)
A
Entamoeba histolytica
10
Q
➢ Faulty installation of water supple
A
Entamoeba histolytica
11
Q
➢ Faulty sanitary disposal
A
Entamoeba histolytica
12
Q
➢ Venereal transmission (sexually transmitted through fecal-oral contact)
A
Entamoeba histolytica
13
Q
Precystic stage ➢ Transitional stage prior to the formation of cysts
A
Entamoeba histolytica
14
Q
Precystic stage ➢ Colorless, round or oval, smaller than trophozoite but bigger than cyst
A
Entamoeba histolytica
15
Q
Precystic stage ➢ Devoid of food inclusion and movement is sluggish with no progressive movement
A
Entamoeba histolytica
16
Q
5-12 mcirons ; 12-60 u
A
Entamoeba histolytica
17
Q
3-10 microns ; 10-16 u
A
Entamoeba histolytica
18
Q
Finger-like and rapidly extruded
A
Entamoeba histolytica
19
Q
Cysts Absent
A
Entamoeba histolytica
20
Q
Active, progressive, and unidirectional motility
A
Entamoeba histolytica
21
Q
Non-motile
A
Entamoeba histolytica
22
Q
▪ No definite shape
A
Entamoeba histolytica
23
Q
▪ Ectoplasm is thick, wide, refractile, and clearly differentiated from endoplasm which is finely granular that may contain ingested red blood cell BUT NO bacteria or foreign material
A
Entamoeba histolytica
24
Q
▪ Karyosome is centrally located in the nucleus
A
Entamoeba histolytica
25
▪ Spherical with a definite outer cyst wall
Entamoeba histolytica
26
▪ Mature cyst has 4 nuclei (quadrinucleate)
Entamoeba histolytica
27
▪ Immature cyst has 1-2 nuclei
Entamoeba histolytica
28
▪ Motile or rounded
Entamoeba histolytica
29
▪ Nucleus not visible
Entamoeba histolytica
30
▪ RBCs are visible
Entamoeba histolytica
31
▪ Nuclei not visible
Entamoeba histolytica
32
▪ Chromatoid bar – refractile
Entamoeba histolytica
33
▪ Glycogen are refractile in young cysts
Entamoeba histolytica
34
Nucleus visible
Entamoeba histolytica
35
Nucleus visible
Entamoeba histolytica
36
chromatoid bodies seldomly seen
Entamoeba histolytica
37
glycogen in young cysts are visible
Entamoeba histolytica
38
Chromatoid matter Absent
Entamoeba histolytica
39
Rods with rounded ends (cigar/sausage-shaped)
Entamoeba histolytica
40
▪ Thermal death point at 50°C
Entamoeba histolytica
41
▪ Resistant to urine, grow best at anaerobic condition or under reduced oxygen tension
Entamoeba histolytica
42
▪ Optimum growth at 37°C at pH 7.0
Entamoeba histolytica
43
Factors Conducive to Invasion by Amoeba
➢ Temperature fluctuation in the host
➢ Abnormal secretory function
➢ Irritant foods
➢ Inadequate diet
➢ Inflammatory processes
44
✓ Asymptomatic in light infections (“luminal amebiasis”)
Entamoeba histolytica
45
✓ Abdominal tenderness
Entamoeba histolytica
46
✓ Diarrhea which may progress to dysentery in which there is passage of blood and mucus over a period of weeks
Entamoeba histolytica
47
✓ Constipation may be interspersed with diarrhea
Entamoeba histolytica
48
✓ Peritonitis
Entamoeba histolytica
49
✓ Dehydration
Entamoeba histolytica
50
➢ Acute Amebic colitis should be differentiated from bacillary dysentery caused by bacteria such as [?]
Shigella, Yersinia, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli
51
➢ Although stools may be grossly bloody, fever and significant elevated leukocyte count are less common in [?]
amebic colitis
52
must be ruled out before steroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is started because of the risk of developing toxic megacolon
➢ Amebic colitis
53
was named by Schaudinn in1903 because of its ability to lyse human tissues
Entamoeba histolytica
54
➢ Its invasive process is initiated when the trophozoite stage is able to penetrate through the mucus layer covering the colonic epithelium
Entamoeba histolytica
55
➢ Disease caused:
a) Amebiasis
b) Amebic hepatitis
c) Amebic colitis/dysenterY
d) Amebic liver abscess
e) Ameboma
Entamoeba histolytica
56
– clinically presents as gradual onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea with or without blood and mucus present in the stool
c) Amebic colitis/dysentery
57
– the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis
d) Amebic liver abscess
58
Incubation period: 4-5 days
Entamoeba histolytica
59
➢ Metacystic trophozoites invade the cecum and cecal mucosa
1. Intestinal/Primary Amebiasis
60
➢ The trophozoites penetrate the cecal mucosa and epithelia by lytic digestion aided by amoeboid movement
1. Intestinal/Primary Amebiasis
61
➢ Trophozoites burrow deeper with tendency to spread laterally by continuous lysis of cells until they reach the submucosa to form flaskshaped ulcers
1. Intestinal/Primary Amebiasis
62
➢ Trophozoites demonstrated in every soft organ of the body
2. Extra-intestinal/secondary/metastatic Amebiasis
63
➢ Trophozoites which reach the muscularis mucosa frequently erode and enter the lymphatics or walls of mesenteric venules on the floor of the ulcers to reach other organs
2. Extra-intestinal/secondary/metastatic Amebiasis
64
2. Extra-intestinal/secondary/metastatic Amebiasis:
a) Hepatic abscess
b) Pulmonary abscess
c) Cerebral amebiasis
d) Splenic abscess
e) Cutaneous abscess
65
➢ The standard method of parasitologic diagnosis is through microscopic detection of the trophozoites and cysts in stool specimen
Entamoeba histolytica
66
➢ The detection of E. histolytica trophozoites with ingested red blood cells is diagnostic of amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica
67
➢ Ideally, a minimum of 3 stool specimens collected in different days should be examined
Entamoeba histolytica
68
1. Direct Fecal Smear Examination and Permanently stained preparations (using trichrome stain)
Entamoeba histolytica
69
2. Concentration Techniques
Entamoeba histolytica
70
3. Purges saline by cathartic
Entamoeba histolytica
71
4. Sigmoidoscopy material
Entamoeba histolytica
72
5. Stool culture methods
Entamoeba histolytica
73
6. Serological methods
Entamoeba histolytica
74
✓ For detection of trophozoites - fresh stool specimens (diarrheic/watery stool) should be examined within 30 minutes after collection
1. Direct Fecal Smear Examination and Permanently stained preparations (using trichrome stain)
75
✓ Cyst stage – usually found in formed or semi-formed stool specimens
1. Direct Fecal Smear Examination and Permanently stained preparations (using trichrome stain)
76
✓ Using the DFS with saline solution alone = one can observed the motility of the trophozoite
1. Direct Fecal Smear Examination and Permanently stained preparations (using trichrome stain)
77
= Entamoeba spp. will stain blue, thus, differentiating them from white blood cells.
✓ Using saline + methylene blue
78
= the nucleus and karyosome can be observed so that E. histolytica can be differentiated from the non-pathogenic species (E. hartmanni, E. coli, E. nana)
✓ Using saline + iodine
79
2. Concentration Techniques
FECT and MIFC are more sensitive than the DFS for detection of cysts.
80
✓ Balamuth’s medium
5. Stool culture methods
81
✓ Rice egg saline
5. Stool culture methods
82
✓ Locke egg serum
5. Stool culture methods
83
– more sensitive than stool microscopy but is not routinely available
✓ Robinson’s and Inoki medium
84
✓ Complement fixation test
✓ Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay
✓ Gel diffusion
✓ ELISA
✓ Latex agglutination assay
✓ PCR – useful in differentiation of luminal infections (E. dispar) from invasive amoebiasis (E. histolytica)
6. Serological methods
85
✓ Aspiration; biopsy
7. For extra-intestinal amebiasis
86
✓ Molecular methods for differentiating between E. histolytica and E. dispar
7. For extra-intestinal amebiasis
87
✓ Liver scan
7. For extra-intestinal amebiasis
88
✓ Examination of aspirate (liver abscess)
7. For extra-intestinal amebiasis
89
: most useful in patients with extraintestinal disease (i.e. amebic liver abscess) when organisms are not generally found on stool examination
❖ ANTIBODY DETECTION
90
: useful as an adjunct to microscopic diagnosis in detecting parasites and to distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic infections (between E. histolytica and E. dispar infections
❖ ANTIGEN DETECTION
91
❖ Differentiation of E. histolytica and E. dispar is not possible by [?]. This can only be done by [?].
microscopy
PCR, ELISA, and isoenzyme analysis
92
❖ ELISA-based for stool is now commercially available showing a
sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 99%
93
❖ The use of [?] is limited by the requirement of sophisticated equipment
PCR
94
1. Proper treatment of drinking water through filtration process and boiling of water
Entamoeba histolytica
95
2. Proper disposal and treatment of human excreta
Entamoeba histolytica
96
3. Proper installation and maintenance of potable water
Entamoeba histolytica
97
4. Proper processing and safe handling and preparation of food
Entamoeba histolytica
98
5. Health education and promotion (e.g. Practice of handwashing, proper use of latrines)
Entamoeba histolytica
99
6. Use of iodine tablets to kill cysts
Entamoeba histolytica
100
7. Uncooked vegetables should be scalded at 80’C for at least 30 seconds
Entamoeba histolytica
101
– 0.25 gram 4x a day for 10 days
✓ Entero viaform
102
– 0.5 gram 3x a day for 8 days
✓ Milibin
103
❖ Either of the above drugs should be combined with chloroquine or aralen to take care of tissue invaders
✓ Entero viaform
✓ Milibin
104
✓ Previous regiment is recommended, but in addition, this is given for first 3 days
emetine HCl
105
– 40-50 mg/kg body weight but not exceeding 2,000 mg in single dose repeated on the second day
✓ Tinidazole
106
– localized in the liver with or without extension to the lungs (drugs to be given should be amoebicidal)
For extra-intestinal Amebiasis
107
– 1mg/KBW but not exceeding 65 mg for 7-10 days; after a rest period of 2 weeks, the course is repeated
1. Emetine HCl
108
– 4 tablets (250 mg salt) first dose; 2 tablets daily for 2 to 3 weeks
2. Chloroquine or aralen
109
as in acute amebic dysentery
3. Tinidazole
110
(Von Prowasek, 1912)
a. Entamoeba hartmanni
111
(Graasi 1879; Casagrandi & Barbagalio 1895)
b. Entamoeba coli
112
(Wenyon & O’Connor, 1917; Brug 1918)
c. Endolimax nana
113
(Von Prowasek, 1911; Dobell, 1911)
d. Iodamoeba butschlii
114
(Gros, 1849; Brumpt, 1913)
e. Entamoeba gingivalis
115
(Wenyon, 1909; Dobelli, 1918)
h. Dientamoeba fragilis
116
Entamoeba minuta
Entamoeba hartmanni
117
Entamoeba minutussima
Entamoeba hartmanni
118
Common name: “small race E. histolytica”
Entamoeba hartmanni
119
Amoeba coli
Entamoeba coli
120
Endamoeba hominis
Entamoeba coli
121
Laschia coli
Entamoeba coli
122
✓ Cross-eyed cyst
Endolimax nana
123
✓ Entamoeba nana
Endolimax nana
124
✓ Endolimax intestinalis
Endolimax nana
125
Common name: Smallest intestinal protozoan of man
Endolimax nana
126
Iodamoeba williamsi
Iodamoeba butschlii
127
Entamoeba williamsi
Iodamoeba butschlii
128
Entamoeba butschlii
Iodamoeba butschlii
129
Endolimax williamsi
Iodamoeba butschlii
130
Common name: Iodine cyst
Iodamoeba butschlii
131
Amoeba gingivalis
Entamoeba gingivalis
132
Amoeba buccalis
Entamoeba gingivalis
133
Entamoeba buccalis
Entamoeba gingivalis
134
Common parasite of pigs and monkeys
Entamoeba polecki
135
Intestinal tract of man
Entamoeba hartmanni
136
large intestine of man
Entamoeba coli
137
Cecum
Endolimax nana
138
Large intestine of man and swine
Iodamoeba butschlii
139
Found in the mouth, chiefly in the tartar of the teeth and gingival pocket
Entamoeba gingivalis
140
mucosal crypts of the cecum
Dientamoeba fragilis
141
Hand-to-mouth
Entamoeba coli
142
✓ Kissing or droplet spray
Entamoeba gingivalis
143
✓ Contaminated drinking utensils and dental utensils
Entamoeba gingivalis
144
➢ Resembles E. histolytica except in size (it is much smaller, and it does not ingest red blood cells)
Entamoeba hartmanni
145
➢ Resembles E. nana in size
Entamoeba hartmanni
146
1. Trophozoite: 4-12 u
Entamoeba hartmanni
147
2. Cyst: ✓ Mature cyst: 5-10 um with 4 nuclei (quadrinucleated)
Entamoeba hartmanni
148
2. Cyst: ✓ Immature cyst: usually have chromatoidal bars
Entamoeba hartmanni
149
2. Cyst: ➢ Chromatoidal bar: rice grain in shape
Entamoeba hartmanni
150
2. Cyst: ➢ The nucleus and location of karyosome resembles E. coli
Entamoeba hartmanni
151
✓ Trophozoite does not ingest red blood cells
Entamoeba hartmanni
152
✓ Motility is sluggish
Entamoeba hartmanni
153
✓ Chromatoidal bodies: shorter with tapered ends often referred to as “rice grain shaped” or “thin fan like”
Entamoeba hartmanni
154
✓ Non-pathogenic or utmost causes only mild symptoms of enteritis
Entamoeba hartmanni
155
Nucleus: coarse, irregular peripheral chromatin; eccentric karyosome
Entamoeba coli
156
1. Trophozoite: ✓ 15-20 um
Entamoeba coli
157
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Coarse cytoplasm with many vacuoles and ingested bacteria
Entamoeba coli
158
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Numerous nuclei (6-8 nuclei); however nucleus is not easily visualized
Entamoeba coli
159
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Ectoplasm is granular and not easily differentiated from densely granular
Entamoeba coli
160
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Short, blunt, and multiple pseudopods
Entamoeba coli
161
2. Cyst: ✓ Round or spherical
Entamoeba coli
162
2. Cyst: ✓ 10-35 um
Entamoeba coli
163
2. Cyst: ✓ 1-8 nuclei
Entamoeba coli
164
2. Cyst: ✓ Occasional chromatoidal bodies with splintered ends (splinterlike/filamentous/thread-like with granules/whiskbroom appearance)
Entamoeba coli
165
2. Cyst: ✓ May have glycogen vacuole
Entamoeba coli
166
✓ No peripheral cromatin; large irregular karyosome
167
✓ Karyosome appears as a large round dot
168
✓ Spherical or subspherical
169
1. Trophozoite: ✓ 2-12 um
Endolimax nana
170
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Uninucleated
Endolimax nana
171
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Finely granular, vacuolated cytoplasm (with narrow rim of ectoplasm)
Endolimax nana
172
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Short pseudopod
Endolimax nana
173
2. Cyst: ✓ 5-10 um
Endolimax nana
174
2. Cyst: ✓ Round to oval; usually oval
Endolimax nana
175
2. Cyst: ✓ 1-4 nucleus; possesses 4 nuclei when mature
Endolimax nana
176
2. Cyst: ✓ Chromatoidal bodies are commashaped
Endolimax nana
177
✓ Spherical
Iodamoeba butschlii
178
✓ No peripheral chromatin
Iodamoeba butschlii
179
✓ Large karyosome surrounded by layer of small granules
Iodamoeba butschlii
180
✓ The karyosome is large, irregular, and rounded with a cluster of achromatic granules
Iodamoeba butschlii
181
1. Trophozoite ✓ 8-20 um
Iodamoeba butschlii
182
1. Trophozoite ✓ Coarsely granular cytoplasm with vacuoles and bacteria
Iodamoeba butschlii
183
1. Trophozoite ✓ Blunt pseudopods (sluggishlyprogressively motility)
Iodamoeba butschlii
184
1. Trophozoite ✓ Small with fairly active, progressive movement
Iodamoeba butschlii
185
1. Trophozoite ✓ Ectoplasm is clear
Iodamoeba butschlii
186
2. Cyst ✓ 5-20 um
Iodamoeba butschlii
187
2. Cyst ✓ Ovoid
Iodamoeba butschlii
188
2. Cyst ✓ Only one nucleus when mature
Iodamoeba butschlii
189
2. Cyst ✓ Prominent glycogen vacuole (iodine-staining)
Iodamoeba butschlii
190
NO CYSTIC STAGE: exists only as a trophozoite and does not undergo encystation
Entamoeba gingivalis
191
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Measures 535 um in diameter
Entamoeba gingivalis
192
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Extrudes pseudopodia, similar to E. histolytica but does not exhibit progressive locomotion
Entamoeba gingivalis
193
1. Trophozoite: ✓ Small and centrally located karyosome
Entamoeba gingivalis
194
▪ Morphologically identical to E. histolytica
Entamoeba dispar
195
▪ The only difference of E. dispar from E. histolytica is that it cannot ingest red blood cells
Entamoeba dispar
196
Originally described as amoeba, but is actually a flagellate with only the trophozoite stage known
Dientamoeba fragilis
197
It is now classified among the Trichomonads (despite the missing flagellum)
Dientamoeba fragilis
198
✓ Binucleated trophozoite
Dientamoeba fragilis
199
✓ Absence of the cyst stage
Dientamoeba fragilis
200
✓ Electron microscopic evidence of rudiments
Dientamoeba fragilis
201
✓ Resembles Trichomonads antigenically and ultrastructurally
Dientamoeba fragilis
202
✓ Small size, 2 nuclei
Dientamoeba fragilis
203
✓ Circular appearance at rest
Dientamoeba fragilis
204
✓ Rapid action of the multiple leaf-shaped pseudopods that gives a stellate appearance, and explosive disintegration in water
Dientamoeba fragilis
205
Host-Parasite Interaction: non-pathogenic, no symptoms, no need for treatment
Entamoeba coli
206
▪ Rarely to cause disease in humans
Entamoeba dispar
207
▪ Pathogenic to man
Dientamoeba fragilis
208
▪ Usually in coinfection with E. vermicularis
Dientamoeba fragilis
209
can be acquired while diving and swimming during hot weather in brackish or fresh water including swimming pools
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
210
✓ Swimming in contaminated water
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
211
✓ Using inadequately disinfected contact lenses
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
212
Portal of entry: broken or ulcerated skin or eye, lungs, genitourinary tract
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
213
1. Trophozoite ✓ Size: 10-35 um
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
214
1. Trophozoite ✓ can assume limax form or become ameboflagellate
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
215
1. Trophozoite ✓ Has both amoeba and flagellated form
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
216
: has a blunt pseudopodia and a vesicular nucleus with a large karyosome and sparse granules of peripheral chromatin
❖ Ameboid
217
: elongated and bears two equal and anteriorly located flagella
❖ Flagellated
218
✓ NOTE: when inside the host, Naegleria trophozoites do not exhibit the flagellated stage and cysts are not also formed; only the [?] is present inside the host
ameboid form Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
219
2. Cyst ✓ Size: 7-10 um in diameter
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
220
2. Cyst ✓ Round
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
221
2. Cyst ✓ Cyst wall is smooth and double, with the outer wall perforated by 3 – 8 pores (ostioles)
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
222
2. Cyst ✓ Single nucleus
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
223
2. Cyst ✓ Spherical chromatoid bodies
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
224
1. Trophozoite ✓ 10-45 um
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
225
1. Trophozoite ✓ Has single vesicular nucleus and also a large karyosome
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
226
2. Cyst ✓ Uninucleated and double walled
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
227
2. Cyst ✓ 16 um
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
228
➢ Major causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
229
➢ Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
230
− Usually fatal within a week of onset
➢ Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
231
− On autopsy examination (of mice and animals), the normal architecture of the brain particularly the olfactory lobes and cerebral cortex is completely destroyed. (“Brain-eating amoeba”)
➢ Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
232
− Causes purulent spinal fluid with motile amoeba
➢ Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
233
Ulcerative Acanthemoeba Keratitis in contact lens wearers
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
234
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
235
Chronic Granulomatous lesions in the brain, skin, kidneys, liver, spleen, uterus, and prostate
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
236
Microabscesses in the lungs and pancreas
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
237
− Causes keratitis, acquired from trauma and contact lens wear
Ulcerative Acanthemoeba Keratitis in contact lens wearers
238
− Characterized by severe ocular pain (invasion of cornea or interior of the eye)
Ulcerative Acanthemoeba Keratitis in contact lens wearers
239
− Chronic central nervous system infection; generally in debilitated or immunocompromised patients
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
240
Chronic Granulomatous lesions in the
brain, skin, kidneys, liver, spleen, uterus, and prostate
241
Microabscesses in the
lungs and pancreas
242
Stained smears of culture material (demonstration of the trophozoites in CSF)
Naegleria species (N. fowleri)
243
Stained smears of culture material
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
244
Histologic examination of brain
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
245
Trophozoites and cysts in corneal scrapings
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
246
✓ Avoid swimming in stagnant water or thermal water
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
247
✓ Salination of water up to 0.7%
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
248
Amphotericin B (given intravenously)
Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)
249
Finger-like
Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)
250
Blunt and broader
Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)
251
Progressive and directional
Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)
252
Sluggish, non-progressive, non-directional
Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)
253
Bull’s eye nucleus
Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)
254
Eccentric karyosome
Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)
255
Clean-looking, with ingested RBCs
Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)
256
Dirty-looking, heavily vacuolated due to ingested bacteria and food particles
Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)
257
Small race (nonpathogenic) ; Large race (pathogenic)
Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)
258
Generally larger
Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)
259
Thin
Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)
260
Thick
Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)
261
1-4 (infective)
Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)
262
1-8 nuclei
Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)
263
Sausage-shaped
Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)
264
Splinter/broomstick appearance
Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)
