Blood lecture 2

Question 1

RBC’s make up how much of total body cells

Answer 1

1/3rd

Question 2

How many RBC die per second

Answer 2

3 million

Question 3

Lifespan of RBC’s

Answer 3

120 days

Question 4

RBC’s biconcave discs meaning

Answer 4

thinner center, thicker edge

Question 5

RBC functions: rouleaux

Answer 5

form stacks, transport in small vessels

Question 5

RBC functions: large surface area

Answer 5

hemoglobin, more oxygen exchange

Question 6

RBC functions: flexible

Answer 6

to move through narrow space

Question 7

Cytosol of RBCs contain

Answer 7

hemoglobin

Question 8

Hemoglobin consists of

Answer 8

Globin and heme

Question 9

Globin is what?

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

Heme is what?

Answer 10

ringlike non-protein pigments bound to protein chains, iron ion

Question 11

Heme contains iron ion interacting with?

Answer 11

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 12

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 12

Makes oxygenated blood red

Question 13

Deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 13

dark red, hemoglobin not bound to oxygen

Question 14

RBC transports O2 from

Answer 14

Lungs to cells

Question 15

RBC transports C02

Answer 15

cells to lungs

Question 16

each RBC contains how much hb molecules

Answer 16

280 million

Question 17

Carbon monoxide binding causes

Answer 17

Inability for blood to transport O2

Question 18

Proerythroblast is what? where it start? becomes what?

Answer 18

precursor cell, red bone marrow, reticulocyte

Question 19

How erythrocyte becomes reticulocyte

Answer 19

ejects nucleus

Question 20

Reticulocyte has bi-concave shape and contains

Answer 20

mitochondria, ribosomes, ER

Question 21

Erythroblasts begin production of what?

Answer 21

Begin prod. Hb

Question 22

Normoblasts

Answer 22

Lose nuclei become reticulocytes

Question 23

Reticulocytes contain what? enery bloodstream after how long?

Answer 23

contain 80% of Hb of mature RBC. Enter 2 days

Question 24

Hypoxia

Answer 24

Cellular oxygen deficiency

Question 25

Erythropoietin

Answer 25

Causes RBC prod. in kidneys

Question 26

Where ruptured or worn out RBC's phagocytized

Answer 26

spleen, liver, red marrow

Question 27

What happens to heme and globin during RBC breakdown

Answer 27

split apart

Question 28

RBC breakdown: Globin broken down into what?

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

RBC breakdown: What is removed from heme

Answer 29

Iron

Question 30

RBC breakdown: iron attaches with what for transport?

Answer 30

transferrin - transports iron through stream

Question 31

RBC breakdown: Iron detaches from transferrin and stored in

Answer 31

Ferritin

Question 32

RBC breakdown: What happens to iron after released from storage

Answer 32

Reattach to transferrin

Question 33

RBC breakdown: where iron is transported after storage

Answer 33

Carried to RBM --- hemoglobin synthesis

Question 34

RBC breakdown: non-iron portion of heme converted to

Answer 34

Biliverdin and biliruben

Question 35

What biliruben is converted into

Answer 35

Urobilinogen

Question 36

Urobilinogen converted into what?

Answer 36

Urobilin (urine) and stercobilin (feces)

Question 37

Iron overload can lead to what?

Answer 37

Damage and disease to liver, heart

Question 38

method of eliminating excess iron

Answer 38

none

Question 39

acronym

Answer 39

NLMEB

Question 40

WBC time in circulation

Answer 40

short time

Question 41

WBC processes for migrating out of blood stream

Answer 41

emigration or diapedesis

Question 42

What is positive chemotaxis

Answer 42

WBC's attracted to chemical stimuli, release cytokines, attract more WBC's

Question 43

WBC differential count

Answer 43

Number of each WBC in sample

Question 44

2 classes of white blood cells

Answer 44

Granular leukocytes, agranular leukoytes

Question 45

Granular leukocyte types

Answer 45

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Question 46

Neutrophils

Answer 46

Most numerous WBC

Question 47

Eosinophils

Answer 47

antihistamine, destroy parasites/Ab-Ag complexes

Question 48

Basophils

Answer 48

release serotonin, heparin, histamine allergic reactions

Question 49

Agranular leukocyte types and percent

Answer 49

Monocytes 2-8%, lymphocytes 20-40%

Question 50

Monocytes

Answer 50

phagocytosis of dead cells & debris

Question 51

Lymphocytes 3 types:

Answer 51

T-cells, B-cells, Nk cells

Question 52

T-cells

Answer 52

Attack cancer, viral invasions

Question 53

B-cells

Answer 53

become plasma cells, secrete ab's

Question 54

NK cells

Answer 54

Destroy cancer, infectious microbes

Question 55

How long WBC's live

Answer 55

Most only live a few days, can be months to years

Question 56

Do granular leukocytes and monocytes return to circulation

Answer 56

No

Question 57

Why lymphcytes continually recirculate

Answer 57

To create memories

Question 58

Phagocytosis

Answer 58

engulfing another microbe

Question 58

Emigration

Answer 58

WBC's squeeze through endothelial cells

Question 59

Chemotaxis

Answer 59

Chemicals released by toxins attract phagocytes

Question 60

Leukocytosis

Answer 60

High WBCs, response to something

Question 61

Leukopenia

Answer 61

Low WBC levels

Question 62

Leukemia

Answer 62

WBC cancer

Question 63

Leukocytolysis

Answer 63

WBC death

Question 64

Thrombocyte function

Answer 64

Blood clot formation

Question 65

megakaroblasts

Answer 65

Thrombocyte (platelet) precursor cell

Question 66

Thrombopoietin

Answer 66

hormone for platelet production

Question 67

Hemostasis

Answer 67

Platelets bind together to stop blood loss

Question 68

Hemorrhage

Answer 68

large amount of blood loss

Question 68

Thrombosis

Answer 68

Clotting undamaged vessel

Question 69

Vascular phase hemostasis

Answer 69

vascular spasms - blood vessels constrict

Question 70

How do vascular spasms start?

Answer 70

endothelins that promote vascular spasms

Question 71

How platelet phase works

Answer 71

Stick to damaged vessel, cause more vasodilation, platelets keep collecting and form plug

Question 72

What is serum

Answer 72

blood outside body, no clotting factors

Question 73

What is the clotting cascade

Answer 73

Chemical reactions leading to clotting

Question 74

Procoagulants

Answer 74

Clotting factors - key role in blood clotting

Question 75

Clotting pathways that lead to common pathway

Answer 75

Extrinsic and Inrinsic

Question 76

Extrinsic pathway general ideas

Answer 76

Occurs quicker than intrinsic, involves factor from outside blood (tissue factor)

Question 77

Intrinsic pathway general ideas

Answer 77

Slower than extrinsic (minutes), all factors already inside blood

Question 78

Activated factor x from intrinsic or extrinsic pathways activate?

Answer 78

Prothombinase

Question 79

Prothrombinase converts what?

Answer 79

Prothrombin into thrombin

Question 80

Thrombin converts what?

Answer 80

fibrinogen into fibrin

Question 81

Thrombin and Factor XIII make what?

Answer 81

Activated factor XIII, strengthens clot

Question 82

Vitamin K is responsible for?

Answer 82

Clotting factors

Question 83

Fibrinolytic System does what?

Answer 83

Dissolve small clots after damage repaired

Question 84

Fibrinolyisis uses what to dissolve clots

Answer 84

plasmin

Question 85

Anticoagulants prevent

Answer 85

Unnecessary clotting

Question 86

Warfarin

Answer 86

Blocks vit k/ clotting factor prod.

Question 87

Anti-thrombin

Answer 87

blocks thrombin formation

Question 88

Heparin helps?

Answer 88

Helps activity of anti-thrombin

Question 89

APC (Activated Protein C

Answer 89

Blocks clotting factors/enhance activity of plasminogen activators

Question 90

Thrombolytic Agents

Answer 90

Chemicals to dissolve clots

Question 91

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Answer 91

Activates plasmin

Question 92

Streptokinase

Answer 92

prod by bacteria, dissolves clots

Question 93

Aspirin

Answer 93

Inhibits vasoconstriction

Question 94

Thrombus

Answer 94

Clot in undamaged vessel

Question 95

Embolus

Answer 95

Broken piece of thrombus in bloodstream (can have serious consequences)